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AP HUG > AP HUG Unit 2 Reverse > Flashcards

AP HUG Unit 2 Reverse Flashcards

1
Q

the study of population characteristics

A

demography

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2
Q

how people are spread out through an area

A

population distribution

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3
Q

factors that influence where and how many people live in an area. based on geographic/environmental strengths and weaknesses

A

physical factors influencing population

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4
Q

the portion of earth’s surface settled by humans

A

ecumene

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5
Q

factors that influence where and how many people live in an area that are based on human causes

A

human factors influencing population

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6
Q

where people are clustered

A

population concentration

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7
Q

where people are spread out across the globe

A

population distribution at a global scale

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8
Q

where people are spread out across a nation

A

population distribution at a national scale

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9
Q

where people are spread out across a local area

A

population distribution at a local scale

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10
Q

the amount of people over the amount of land in an area

A

population density

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11
Q

people per unit of land in an area

A

arithmetic density

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12
Q

people per unit of arable land in an area

A

physiological density

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13
Q

farmers per unit of arable land in an area

A

agricultural density

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14
Q

land that can be used for agriculture

A

arable land

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15
Q

impacts that are related to economic effects. in this context, impacts from density and distribution

A

economic implications

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16
Q

impacts related to politics. in this context, impacts from density and distribution

A

political implications

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17
Q

impacts related to social effects. in this context, impacts from density and distribution

A

social implications

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18
Q

impacts related to the environment. in this context, impacts from density and distribution

A

environmental implications

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19
Q

the amount of people or animals an area can sustain without significant damage

A

carrying capacity

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20
Q

having a population that exceeds the carrying capacity of an area

A

overpopulation

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21
Q

basic services used in the operation of a city

A

infrastructure, urban services

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22
Q

someone’s race, culture, or demographic

A

ethnicity

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23
Q

factors that show how old and what genders an area has

A

age-sex composition

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24
Q

percentage of males to females

A

sex ratio

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25
Q

different age groups on a population pyramid

A

cohort

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26
Q

an explosion in the number of births

A

baby boom

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27
Q

slowing of population growth after a baby boom

A

baby bust

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28
Q

a spike or drop in a population as a result of an earlier spike or drop

A

echo

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29
Q

ratio of working are people to the dependent population

A

dependency ratio

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30
Q

people between age 15 and 65

A

potential workforce

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31
Q

people above age 65 or below 15

A

dependent population

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32
Q

survey that gathers data about population and demographics

A

census

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33
Q

the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution

A

demographic momentum

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34
Q

rate of growth for a population excluding any outside factors. just CBR/CDR.

A

RNI, rate of natural increase

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35
Q

amount of time it takes for a population to double

A

population doubling time

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36
Q

people are dying at the same rate that they are being born

A

ZPG, zero population growth

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37
Q

total births per 1,000 people

A

CBR, crude birth rate

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38
Q

total deaths per 1,000 people

A

CDR, crude death rate

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39
Q

model that predicts and explains population growth

A

DTM, demographic transition model

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40
Q

what stage of the DTM is characterized by high fluctuating CBR and CDR

A

stage one

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41
Q

what stage of the DTM is characterized by a declining CDR and a fairly stable CBR

A

stage two

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42
Q

what stage of the DTM is characterized by a decline in the CDR’s rate of decline and a declining CBR

A

stage three

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43
Q

what stage of the DTM is characterized by a low fluctuating CBR and CDR

A

stage four

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44
Q

what stage of the DTM is characterized by many different ideas: a stable CBR and CDR, or CDR surpassing CBR, etc.

A

stage 5

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45
Q

population pyramid with a wide base and small top

A

expansive population pyramid

46
Q

population pyramid with mostly equal populations in its cohorts, gradually decreasing at the top

A

stationary population pyramid

47
Q

model that explains and predicts epidemiological trends

A

epidemiological transition model, ETM

48
Q

what stage of the ETM is characterized by very high death rates (infectious diseases, famine, human conflict, etc)? aka pestilence and famine stage

A

stage 1

49
Q

what stage of the ETM is characterized by decreasing rates of pandemics (improved medicine and sanitation)? aka receding pandemic stage

A

stage 2

50
Q

what stage of the ETM is characterized by the continued lowering of level of pandemics, but degenerative diseases (ex. cancer, heart disease) rates start to rise? aka degenerative and human created disease stage

A

stage 3

51
Q

what stage of the ETM is characterized by delayed onset of degenerative and age related diseases due to better medicine? aka delayed degenerative disease stage

A

stage 4

52
Q

what stage of the ETM is characterized by theories such as increased rate of infectious and parasitic disease due to antibiotic resistance? aka reemerging of infectious and parasitic disease stage

A

stage 5

53
Q

a theory that predicts that humans will outstrip their food supply due to population being predicted to increase exponentially as opposed to food supply, which is predicted to increase linearly.

A

malthusian theory

54
Q

people who apply Mathus’ theories to the modern world.

A

neo-malthusians

55
Q

policy that encourages births

A

pronatalist policy

56
Q

policy that discourages births

A

antinatalist policy

57
Q

policies that relate to immigration

A

immigration policies

58
Q

someone’s ability to get an education

A

access to education

59
Q

someone’s ability to get medical services

A

access to healthcare

60
Q

someone’s ability to get contraception

A

access to contraception

61
Q

average amount of babies each woman will have in her lifetime

A

TFR, total fertility rate

62
Q

laws developed by ravenstein to describe migration patterns

A

ravenstein’s laws of migration

63
Q

as you get further from a source, the effect it has is limited

A

distance decay

64
Q

migrants moving in smaller steps along their way to their destination

A

step migration

65
Q

a movement of people against a migration flow

A

counter migration

66
Q

movement of people out of cities into rural/suburban areas

A

counter urbanization

67
Q

a theory that states the larger and closer something is, the more effect it has

A

gravity model

68
Q

average number of years a baby is expected to live from birth

A

life expectancy

69
Q

the number of babies that die on average per 1,000 births

A

infant mortality rate

70
Q

percentage of people over 65 to the working age population

A

elderly dependency ratio

71
Q

population over 65

A

aging population, graying population

72
Q

person moving from one place to another

A

migration

73
Q

person moving into an area

A

immigration

74
Q

person moving out of an area

A

emmigration

75
Q

number of immigrants minus number of emigrants

A

net migration

76
Q

factors that push people from an area

A

push factors

77
Q

factors that pull people to an area

A

pull factors

78
Q

these are examples of what kind of push/pull factors? poverty, economic opportunity

A

economic push/pull factors

79
Q

these are examples of what kind of push/pull factors? civil unrest, ties to someone in the area

A

social push/pull factors

80
Q

these are examples of what kind of push/pull factors? lack of representation, political stability

A

political push/pull factors

81
Q

these are examples of what kind of push/pull factors? natural disasters, clean air

A

environmental push/pull factors

82
Q

these are examples of what kind of push/pull factors? quotas, similar demographics

A

demographic push/pull factors

83
Q

obstacles that block a migrant on their path

A

intervening obstacles

84
Q

opportunities that come up for a migrant on their path. may lead to them settling in a different place than originally intended

A

intervening opportunities

85
Q

what model is characterized by: people will try to head to areas with more pull factors and less push factors, unless intervening obstacles/opportunities change that

A

lee’s model of migration

86
Q

what model lines up with DTM that predicts how many and where people migrate

A

migration transition

87
Q

a stream of people flowing from one area to another

A

migration stream

88
Q

a migration where the migrants leave due to threats or due to force as opposed to moving by choice

A

forced migration

89
Q

system where one person is owned by another person and forced to work for them

A

slavery

90
Q

migrant who was pushed out of their home country in a forced migration

A

refugees

91
Q

migrant who was pushed out of their home area in a forced migration, but is still in their home country.

A

IDPs

92
Q

migrant who was pushed out of their home country who is trying to gain refugee status

A

asylum seekers

93
Q

migration where the migrant has a choice to leave the home country or not.

A

voluntary migration

94
Q

movement where the migrant moves between multiple points repeatedly and often (i.e. commuting)

A

cyclic movement

95
Q

cyclical movement of livestock between multiple points

A

transhumance

96
Q

migration between countries

A

transnational migration, international migration

97
Q

migration within a country

A

internal migration

98
Q

migration between two regions in a country

A

interregional migration

99
Q

migration within one region of a country

A

intraregional migration

100
Q

migration where migrants move to communities where family and/or friends migrated previously.

A

chain migration

101
Q

workers living and working in a country to work for a period of time but not moving permanently.

A

guest workers

102
Q

migration of people from rural areas to urban areas

A

urbanization

103
Q

migration where the migrant moves between multiple points but stays for longer periods of time (i.e. Snowbirds)

A

periodic migration

104
Q

what effect of migration is characterized by these examples: addition of quotas, changing demographics

A

political effects of migration

105
Q

a limit on the number of migrants allowed in an area

A

quotas

106
Q

what effect of migration is characterized by these examples: new workers, loss of jobs

A

economic effects of migration

107
Q

money sent by guest workers or migrants back to family members in home countries to help support them

A

remitances

108
Q

process where an area’s highly educated professionals migrate out

A

brain drain

109
Q

process where an area has many highly educated professional migrate in

A

brain gain

110
Q

what effect of migration is characterized by these examples: st. patrick’s day, curry

A

cultural effects of migration

111
Q

area with a large amount of one ethnicity compared to the surrounding area

A

ethnic enclaves

112
Q

the fear of others, in this case, migrants

A

xenophobia

AP HUG (14 decks)

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