AP HUG Unit 4 Flashcards
State
A country
Nation
A group of people bound together by a cultural identity
Nation-State
A state that encompasses a single nation
Stateless Nations
A nation that doesn’t have a state of its own
Multi-National States
A state that contains many nations within its borders
Multistate Nations
A nation that is partially in multiple states
Autonomous Regions
An area within a country that has a high level of self-government
Semi-Autonomous Regions
a region that has some parts of self-government, but not as much as an autonomous region
City-State
A state that is comprised of a city and potentially also some of the surrounding land
Sovereignty
A state’s control over its internal and external affairs
Self-Determination
The idea the nations should be able to determine their own future
Colonialism
The process of conquering a place and extracting wealth from from an area
Imperialism
The process of influencing or dominating an area
Independence Movements
A group of people advocating for and/or trying to make a separate country
Decolonialization
The process of releasing former colonies
Devolution
The transfer of power from a central to a local government
Colony
An subservient area conquered and controlled by a colonial power
Neocolonialism
Exerting influence over an area through indirect means
Satellite States
A state dominated by another economically and politically
Shatterbelts
An unstable area located in between disparate regions
Choke Points
A geographic feature that creates a narrow passage for trade or movement of people
Territoriality
A willingness by a person or group of people to defend a claim to an area
Relic Boundary
A boundary that no longer exist but still has an impact
Superimposed Boundary
A boundary created by outside powers
Subsequent (Ethnographic) Boundary
A boundary that lines up religious, ethnic, linguistic, or economic borders
Antecendent Boundary
A boundary drawn before the arrival of a large number of people
Militarized Boundary
A boundary that has a large military presence
Open Boundary
A boundary without crossing restrictions
Geometric Boundary
A straight line that doesn’t follow any physical boundaries
Consequent Boundary
A border between cultures/cultural traits
Natural Boundary
A border based on physical features
Defined Boundary
A legally defined border
Delimited Boundary
A line on a map
Demarcated Boundary
A physical boundary to show the limits of a space
Demilitarized Zone
A place between countries where military activities are prohibited
Berlin Conference
A conference that set out the colonial borders in Africa
Definitional Boundary Dispute
A dispute over the interpretation of legal definition for a border
Locational Boundary Dispute
A dispute over where a boundary should be
Operational Boundary Dispute
A dispute over the function of a boundary
Allocational Boundary Dispute
A dispute over natural resource usage across a boundary
UNCLOS
The conference that set out the laws about usage of bodies of water
Territorial Seas
A zone extending up to 12 nmi from a coastline where a country has sovereignty
EEZ
Exclusive economic zone. A zone extending up to 200 nmi from a coastline where a country has exclusive right to natural resources
International Waters
Water open to any country without restriction
Voting Districts
A given area wherein the population elects an official
Reappointment
Changing the number of representatives for an area due to a change in population
Redistricting
The redrawing of voting districts to match population
Gerrymandering
The process of using electoral boundaries to create a more favorable outcome in an election
Unitary State
A state that has a highly centralized government
Federal State
A state that has a decentralized government
Physical Geographic Factors (relating to devolution)
Disparate geography, A separating mountain range
Ethnic Separatism
The desire for an ethnic group to separate from a state
Ethnic Cleansing
the process of changing the ethnic makeup of an area to make it more homogeneous
Genocide
The systematic extermination of a specific ethnic group
Terrorism
Intentional acts of violence against civilians meant to cause fear and further political goals.
Economic Problems (relating to devolution)
Differing economic conditions, economic instability
Social Problems (relating to devolution)
Ethnic differences, civil instability
Irredentism
This is a process by which a multi-state nation incorporates parts of the nation that aren’t in the state.
Devolution
the process of a state giving power away to smaller areas within the state, eventually leading to full independence
Subnationalism
Nationalism for a specific area within a state
Balkanization
This is the fracturing of a state along ethnic lines
Impact of Technology (relating to devolution)
Allowing for easier networking of independence movements
Democritization
The transition from authoritarianism to democracy
Supranationalism
Multiple countries coming together and giving up some of their power to an IGO in order to gain a benefit
Economic Supranationalism
Multiple countries coming together and giving up some of their power to an IGO for economic benefit
Transnational Cooperations
Corporations that do business in multiple countries
Economies of Scale
The economic benefits for doing business at a larger scale
Trade Agreements
An international agreement in order to facilitate trade
Military Alliances
An agreement between countries to help each other out militarily
Supranationalism and the Environment
Multiple countries coming together to protect the environment
UN
An organization of (almost) all countries in the world in order to achieve peace and protect human rights
NATO
A military alliance between the US, Canada, and many European countries
EU
An organization of European states for economic and political benefit
ASEAN
An organization of Southeast Asian states for economic and political benefit
Arctic Council
An organization of Arctic nations in order to resolve issues in the Arctic
AU
An organization of African states for economic and political benefit
Centrifugal Forces
Forces that push a state apart
Regionalism
The belief in regional rather than central governments
Uneven Development
The process of some areas developing at different rate than others
Ethnic Nationalist Movements
A nationalist movement for an ethnic group
Centripetal Forces
Forces that pull a country together
Nationalism
A feeling of loyalty to a country or nation
Economic Development
The improvement of an economic situation
Cultural Practices
Specific practices done by a culture
