Anxiety and Sleep pharmacology Flashcards
Portion of the brain that processes incoming stimuli and encodes it into memories
hippocampus
Part of the brain that signals that a threat is present and triggers a fear response or anxiety and has a role in storage of emotional memories
amygdala
Mechanism of action of buspirone
5HT1A receptor partial agonist
Mechanism of action of benzodiazepines
enhance the response of GABA by facilitating the opening of GABA-A receptors
GABA-A subunits required for GABA binding
alpha and beta
GABA-A subunits required for BZD binding
alpha and gamma
Ion that travels through GABA-A channels
Chloride
5 BZDs used in insomnia
- Triazolam
- Temazopam
- Quazepam
- Estazolam
- Furazolam
3 novel BZD receptor agonists
- Zalepion
- Zolpidem
- Eszzopiolone
GABA subunit that is important for sedative and amnesia effects of BZDs
alpha-1
GABA receptor that is important for the anxiolytic effects of BZDs
alpha-2
BZD antagonist that is used clinically to reverse sedative action of BZDs in acute overdose or when used during anesthesia
Flumazenil
area of the brain that controls circadian rhythm
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus
Small portion of the brain where melatonin is synthesized
pineal gland
specialized secretory cells that secrete meletonin
pinealocytes
The precursor of melatonin
tryptophan
Mechanism of action of ramelteon
melatonin receptor (MT1 and MT2) antagonist
Mechanism of action of diphenhydramine and doxylamine
H1 histamine receptor antagonists
Location of the brain where histamine is produced
tuberomammillary nucleus in the posterior hypothalamus
Precursor of histamine
Histadine
TCA that is FDA approved for insomnia characterized by sleep maintenance difficulty
Doxepin
CNS depressant that may be used for insomnia
Chloral hydrate
Active metabolite of chloral hydrate that gives its sedative effects
triclorothanol
Neurons that are lost in patients with narcolepsy
orexin neurons
