Antivirals Listed Flashcards

1
Q
ACYCLOVIR
MOA
Metabolism
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

MOA:

  1. Targets Nucleic Acid Synthesis by the herpes virus by a nulceoside analogue that MUST be METABOLICALLY activated
  2. Acts as a competitive inhibitor of dGTP
  3. Gets incorporated into growing chain
  4. Traps the polymerase on the ACV-terminated DNA chain when the next dNTP binds

Metabolism:
• Viral cells must activate it to triphosphate form
• Systemic Elimination - unchanged in Kidney (filtration and secretion)

Maintain hydration to prevent renal precipitationUse cautiously with other renal toxic drugs**

Viruses Treated:
 Herpes simplex (I and II), **Varicella Zoster**, Cytomegalovirus

Side Effects:
Neurotoxicity (confusion, siezures)

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2
Q
AMANTADINE
MOA
Metabolism
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

MOA:
• BLOCKS M2 CHANNEL NEEDED for H+ to enter the capsule of the virus so that RNP can be ejected into the host cell

Metabolism:
• Eliminated unchanged by kidney

Viruses Treated:
•Influenza A ONLY

Side Effects:
• NEUROLOGIC effects, Orthostatic Hypotension, LIVEDO RETICULARIS
Do NOT give to people with narrow angle glaucoma or who are breastfeeding

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3
Q
OSELTAMVIR
MOA
Metabolism
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

MOA:
Potent Sialic Acid Analogue of the active site of Flu A and B NEURAMINIDASES

Metabolism:
• Hepatically metabolized to the carboxylate active drug form

• Kidney eliminates (secretion and filtration)

Viruses Treated:
Flu

Side Effects:
mininal adverse effects; Fatal neuropsychiatric adverse effects in flu patients; Serious skin reactions

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4
Q
RIBAVARIN
MOA
Metabolism
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

MOA:
Converted to Triphosphate Form, Competitively Inhibits GTP-dependent 5’ capping of viral messenger RNA (specifically Flu virus transcriptase activity)

Metabolism:
• NON-CYP metabolism in nucleated cells with systemic elimination of drug and products in urine

Viruses Treated:
Hantavirus

Side Effects:
BBW HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA and M/F TERATOGENICITY

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5
Q
Rimantidine
MOA
Metabolism
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

MOA:
BLOCKS M2 CHANNEL NEEDED for H+ to enter the capsule of the virus so that RNP can be ejected into the host cell

Metabolism:
Extensive Hepatic metabolism with renal elimination of drug and metabolites

Viruses Treated:
Influenza

Side Effects:
Minimal

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6
Q
Valacyclovir
MOA
Metabolism
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

MOA:

  1. Targets Nucleic Acid Synthesis by the herpesevirus by a nuclceoside analogue that MUST be METABOLLICALLY activated
  2. Acts as a competitive inhibitor of dGTP
  3. Gets incorporated into growing chain
  4. Traps the polymerase on the ACV-terminated DNA chain when the next dNTP binds

Metabolism

  • *Function as the Pro-drug of Acyclovir and has better ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY
  • *May precipitate in kidney - use cautiously with other reno-toxic drugs**
Viruses Treated: 
Herpes simplex (I and II), Varicella Zoster, Cytomegalovirus

Side Effects:
Same as acyclovir [Neurotoxicity (confusion, siezures)] + THROMBOCYTOPENIA

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7
Q
ZANAMIVIR
MOA
Metabolism
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

MOA:
Potent Sialic Acid Analogue of the active site of Flu A and B NEURAMINIDASES

Metabolism:
Renally eliminated unchanged

Viruses Treated:
Flu

Side Effects:
FATAL BRONCHOSPASM - do not use with underlying pulmonary disease

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8
Q
CIDOFOVIR
MOA
Metabolism
Viruses Treated
Side Effects
A

MOA
• Inhibition of DNA polymerase

Metabolism:
Metabolized by pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase to mono- then diphosphate forms and finally to the monophosphate choline.

Eliminated by Kidney (filtration and secretion)

Viruses Treated
Adenovirus

Side Effects
RENAL TOXICITY BBW
Neurologic, Heatologic and Tubular Damage

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