Antibiotics Listed Flashcards
CIPROFLOXACIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Fluroquinolones
MOA
o Bind and inhibit DNA gyrase (aka topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV.
o Inhibit DURING cutting step, preventing Reattachment
o DNA fragments accumulate leading to cell death
Bacteria: E. COLI (resistance emerging), PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Bactericidal
Levofloxacin
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Fluroquinolones
MOA
o Bind and inhibit DNA gyrase (aka topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV.
o Inhibit DURING cutting step, preventing Reattachment
o DNA fragments accumulate leading to cell death
Bacteria: E.coli?, Pseudomonas aeruginosa?•
Bactericidal
RIFAMPIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Rifamycin
MOA
o Bind PROKARYOTIC specific RNA polymerase
o Prevents initiation of RNA synthesis but not elongation
Easily crosses lipophilic surfaces important for treatment of:
o Mycobacteria (mycolic acid walls) – MYCOBACTERIUM TB
o Staphlococcus Epidermidis and Aureus (Biofilm)
o Bacterial Meningitis (BBB penetration)
o Enters phagocytic cells
Bactericidal *Prevents INITIATION of RNA synthesis
Rifaximin
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Rifamycin
MOA
o Bind PROKARYOTIC specific RNA polymerase
o Prevents initiation of RNA synthesis but not elongation
Easily crosses lipophilic surfaces important for treatment of:
o Mycobacteria (mycolic acid walls)o Staphlococcus Epidermidis and Aureus (Biofilm)
o Bacterial Meningitis (BBB penetration)
o Enters phagocytic cells
Bactericidal *Prevents INITIATION of RNA synthesis
METRONIDAZOLE
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Nitroimidazole
MOA
o Pro-drug – must first be reduced by ferredoxin (a nitroreductase) which turns the nitroimidazole in to a toxic radical the FRAGMENTS DNA.
o Ferredoxin only used in ANAEROBIC bacteria
Bacteria: Only effective against anaerobes Bactericidal
COTRIMOXAZOLE
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
DHFR Inhibitor/Sulfonamide
**combination drug of trimethroprim and sulfamethoxazole**
MOA
o Trimethroprim – inhibits PROKARYOTIC DHFR
o Sulfonamide - prevents step 1 of THF acid synthesis by preventing PABA and Pteridine reaction via Pteridine Synthetase
Bacteria: E. COLI , Pneumocystis Jiroveci• Bactericidal
Trimethoprim
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
DHFR inhibitor
MOA
o Inhibition of PROKARYOTIC DHFR
Sulfamethoxazole
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Sulfonamide
MOA
o Inhibits step 1 of THF/DHF acid synthesis by preventing PABA and pteridine reaction via Pteridine Synthase inhibition
DAPTOMYCIN
Group (common root)
MOA (general and specific)
Bacteria Treated
Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Lipopeptide Antibiotic
Bind to bacterial membranes and cause rapid depolarization of membrane potential ultimately DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis failed leading to cell death
o NOT effective in lungs due to Surfactant
Bacteria: Gram (+) bacteria
Bactericidal
FIDAXOMICIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
C. Diff Drug
MOA
o inhibits RNA synthesis by inhibiting sigma dependent transcription
Bacteria: pseudomembranous colitis (C. Diff)
Nitroflurantoin
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Broad-Spectrum
MOA
o Get reduced by flavoproteins then alter ribosomes and other macromolecules
Bactericidal ***only reaches therapeutic concentrations IN URINE
GENTAMICIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Aminoglycoside
MOA
o Initial action: Deterioration of outer membrane
Low Conc.: bind to 30S and cause misreadingo
High Conc.: trap ribosome at AUG and prevent any translation
Bacteria: gram (-) aerobes, Pseudomonas • Bactericidal
Amikacin
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Aminoglycoside
MOA
o Initial action: Deterioration of outer membraneo
Low Conc.: bind to 30S and cause misreadingo
High Conc.: trap ribosome at AUG and prevent any translation
Bacteria: gram (-) aerobes, Pseudomonas • Bactericidal
Neomycin
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Aminoglycoside
MOA
o Initial action: Deterioration of outer membraneo
Low Conc.: bind to 30S and cause misreading
High Conc.: trap ribosome at AUG and prevent any translation
Bacteria: gram (-) aerobes, Pseudomonas • Bactericidal
Streptomycin
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Aminoglycoside
MOA
o Initial action: Deterioration of outer membrane
Low Conc.: bind to 30S and cause misreading
High Conc.: trap ribosome at AUG and prevent any translation
Bacteria: gram (-) aerobes, Pseudomonas • Bactericidal
Tobramycin
- Group (common root)
- MOA (general and specific)
- Bacteria Treated
- Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Aminoglycoside
MOA
o Initial action: Deterioration of outer membraneo
Low Conc.: bind to 30S and cause misreadingo
High Conc.: trap ribosome at AUG and prevent any translation
Bacteria: gram (-) aerobes, Pseudomonas • Bactericidal
AZITHROMYCIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Macrolides
MOA
o Bind to 50S RSU (23S RNA part) and prevent AA transfer to new chain by blocking peptidyl Transferase
o Phagocytosed so may be carried by macrophages to infection site
Bacteria: gram (-), gram (+) • [low] = Bacteriostatic [high] = Bactericidal
CLARITHROMYCIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Macrolides
MOA
o Bind to 50S RSU (23S RNA part) and prevent AA transfer to new chain by blocking **peptidyl Transferase
o Phagocytosed so may be carried by macrophages to infection site**
Bacteria: gram (-), gram (+)• [low] = Bacteriostatic [high] = Bactericidal
ERYTHROMYCIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Macrolides
**Least stable of macrolides, labile in stomach acid**
MOA
o Bind to 50S RSU (23S RNA part) and prevent AA transfer to new chain by blocking peptidyl Transferase
o Phagocytosed so may be carried by macrophages to infection site
Bacteria: MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE
gram (-), gram (+) • [low] = Bacteriostatic [high] = Bactericidal
Quinpupristin/dalfopristin
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Streptogramins
MOA:
o 50S binding of both (near where macrolides bind) close binding leads to SYNERGISTIC effect
Bacteria: ??
Bactericidal - if synergistic binding of both occurs
CLINDAMYCIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Lincosamides
MOA:
o 50S RSU binding at 23S RNA part (PEPTIDYL TRANSFERASE) and cause premature dissociation of peptidyl -tRNA
Bacteria: MRSA – when used in conjunction with vacomycin, gram (+), anaerobes
_Bacteriostatic **Useful in Toxin Producing Infections because it prevents toxin production and slows bacterial growth** (e.g. Diptheria)_
LINEZOLID
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
MOA
o bind 50S ribosome at UNIQUE SITE protein synthesis inhibitor
o NO CROSS RESISTANCE
Bacteria: MRSA
DOXYCYCLINE
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Tetracyclines
MOA
o Bind 30S RSU (16S part) and inhibit protein synthesis by weaking ribosome-tRNA interaction
Bacteria: gram (+), gram (-), some anaerobes
Bacterstatic *Mammals lack the ability to take it up so this helps with selectivity
TIGECYCLINE
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Tetracyclines
MOA
o Bind 30S RSU (16S part) and inhibit protein synthesis by weaking ribosome-tRNA interaction
Bacteria: gram (+), gram (-), some anaerobes
Bacterstatic *Mammals lack the ability to take it up so this helps with selectivity
Minocycline
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Tetracyclines
MOA
o Bind 30S RSU (16S part) and inhibit protein synthesis by weaking ribosome-tRNA interaction
- Bacteria: gram (+), gram (+), some anaerobes
- Bacterstatic *Mammals lack the ability to take it up so this helps with selectivity
Tetracycline
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Tetracyclines
MOA
o Bind 30S RSU (16S part) and inhibit protein synthesis by weaking ribosome-tRNA interaction
Bacteria: gram (+), gram (+), some anaerobes
Bacterstatic *Mammals lack the ability to take it up so this helps with selectivity
MUPIROCIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Mupirocin
MOA
o Isoleucyl transfer-RNA syntetase inhibition – NO CROSS-RESISTANCE with other classes
Bacteria: gram (-) and gram (+) , Strep. Pyogenes and MRSA • Bactricidal
Chlroamphenicol
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated •
Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Mupirocin
MOA
o Isoleucyl transfer-RNA syntetase inhibition – NO CROSS-RESISTANCE with other classes
MAY INTERFERE WITH CLINDAMYCIN AND MACROLIDES
Bacteria: gram (-) and gram (+) , Strep. Pyogenes and MRSA
Bactricidal
FOSFOMYCIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Unknown group
MOA
o Transported in via Glycerol3P or G6P transport system
o Uses epoxide group to irreversibly inactivate enolpyruvyl transferase by taking place of phosphoenolpyruvate
THIS HAPPENS EARLY IN CELL WALL SYNTH.
Bacteria: ??• Bactericidal
AMPICILLIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
AMINOPENICILLIN
MOA:
o PBP binding inducing cell wall lysis
o NH2 group allows it to cross lipid membrane of gram (-) bacteria
Bacteria: gram (+) and gram (-)
AZTREONAM
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
MONOBACTAM
MOA
o PBP inhibitor – for one INSIDE the cell wall
o SULFONIC acid insteat of thiazole attached to ß-lactam ring
Bacteria: gram (+)
Bactricidal
PENICILLIN G
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Penicillin
MOA
o Binds to PBP causing cell wall lysis
Bacteria: gram (+), STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE, CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS • Bactericidal
PIPERACILLIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
AMINOPENICILLIN – BROAD SPECTRUM
MOA:
o PBP binding inducing cell wall lysis
o NH2 group allows it to cross lipid membrane of gram (-) bacteria
Bacteria: gram (+) and gram (-) • Bactericidal
IMIPENEM
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Carbapenems
MOA:
o Inhibit PBP
oReplacing sulfur with carbon in the thialzole ring makes it better at penetrating, gives it resistance to bacterial enzymes, and affinity for all PBPs
Bacteria: gram(-) and gram (+) (PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA)
Bactericidal
IMIPENEM/CILASTIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Carbapenems
MOA:
o Inhibit PBP
o 6 membered ring makes it better at penetrating, gives it resistance to bacterial enzymes, and affinity for all PBPs
Bacteria: gram(-) and gram (+) (PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA)• Bactericidal **CILASTIN inhibits DHP-2 in kidney proximal tubules INCREASING urinary concentration of Imipenem
AMOXICILLIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
AMINOPENICILLIN
MOA:
o PBP binding inducing cell wall lysis
o NH2 group allows it to cross lipid membrane of gram (-) bacteria
Bacteria: gram (+) and gram (-)
CALVULANIC ACID
Given with Piperacillin to inhibit ß-lactamases
TAZOBACTAM
Given with Piperacillin to inhibit ß-lactamases
Nafcillin
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Penicillin – NARROW spectrum
MOA:
o PBP binding leading to cell wall degradationo Bulky side chain inhibits ß-lactamases
Bacteria: gram (+)• Bactericidal
OXACILLIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
• Broad or Narrow Spectrum
Penicillin – NARROW spectrum
MOA:
o PBP binding leading to cell wall degradationo Bulky side chain inhibits ß-lactamases
Bacteria: gram (+), non-MRSA STAPH. • Bactericidal
PENICILLIN V
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Penicillin
MOA
o Binds to PBP causing cell wall lysis
Bacteria: gram (+)• Bactericidal
VANCOMYCIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
Vancomycin
MOA
o Prevents binding of traspeptidases to D-ala D-ala
Bacteria: gram (+) (e.g. C. Diff), MRSA, (STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE – only if resitance to penicillin)• Bactericidal
Cefazolin
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
• WHEN is it used?
Cephalosporin I
MOA:
o 6 memebered ring, PBP inhibition leading to cell wall degradation
Bacteria: Steptococcus or Staphylococcus • Bactricidal• SURGICAL PROPHYLAXIS
CEPHALEXIN
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal • WHEN is it used?
Cephalosporin I
MOA:
o 6 memebered ring, PBP inhibition leading to cell wall degradation
Bacteria: Steptococcus or Staphylococcus • Bactricidal• OUT PATIENT USE
Cefepime
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
• Treats WHAT?
Cephalosporin IV
MOA
o 6 memebered ring, PBP inhibition leading to cell wall degradation
Bacteria: gram (-) anaerobes • Treats – Pseudomonal Infections (PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA)
CEFTRIAXONE
• Group (common root)
• MOA (general and specific)
• Bacteria Treated
• Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal
• Treats WHAT?
Cephalosporin III
MOA
o 6 memebered ring, PBP inhibition leading to cell wall degradation
Bacteria: gram (-) anaerobes , STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE
Treats – pediatric meningitis
