antiviral Flashcards
Acyclovir is taken orally for what? when is Acyclovir used for IV?
oral: genital herpes and varicella zoster
IV: severe/disseminated mucocutaneous disease:
-neonate infection, HSV encephalitits, VZV in immunocompromised
which drug does not require prior phosphorylation to be active
Foscarnet
what drug requires Thymidine kinase enzyme to be activated
Acyclovir
side effects for Acyclovir
reversible crystalline nephrotoxicity and neurological effects
Valacyclovir Tx
Primary and recurrent genital herpes
Varicella in older children and adults
Zoster
orolabial herpes
What drug is used for HSV and VZV infection that are RESISTANT to acyclovir
Foscarnet
Foscarnet tx
HSV and VZV infection resistant to Acyclovir, CMV retinitis, colitis, esophagitis
which drug should be AVOIDED for nephrotoxicity
Foscarnet
what drug tx CMV retinitis (AIDS), CMV colitis, pneumonitis, esophagitis, through what route?
Ganciclovir via IV route and intraocular route with retinitis, but it has 3 routes (IV, oral, intraocular)
which drug is used to reduce risk of CMV disease in transplant recipient
Ganciclovir via IV then oral if it gets better
which drug has cough, bronchospasm , decrease pulmonary function side effects
Zanamivir
what is the most common influenza disease
Pneumonia
which drug is used as chemoprophylaxis for influenza
Oseltamivir
which drug would you avoid giving if they have pre-exisiting pulmonary disease
Zanamivir
which antiviral drug causes myelosuppression
Ganciclovir
which drug requires phosphoylation of CMV UL97
Ganciclovir
which drug can be taken after the 48 hr window with what exception?
Oseltamivir; if patient has complications (elderly, oregnancy, pre existing condt)
When does Ganciclovir have most adverse effects
when using IV
Valganciclovir tx
CMV retinitis (AIDS), prevention of CMV disease in patients w/ heart, kidney, and kidney-pancreas transplant
which drug tx Keratoconjunctivitis
Trifluridine
what are all the antiviral drug for herpes virus end result goal for MOA
Prevent viral genome to be replicated
which drug needs to be given within 48 hrs to have impact on progression
influenza antiviral
which drug inhibits the spreading of virions through respiratory tract
Osetamivir, Znamivir
which drug is an inhalation drug administered to oropharynx and lungs
Zanamivir
which influenza antiviral is no longer useful/effective due to high levels of resistance?
Amantadine, Rimantadine
which drug is used to treat respiratory syncytial virus? through which route?
Ribavirin; aerosol route
what is the function of interferion
it is a recombinant cytokine; slows absorption and clearance
which drug should be avoided for pregnancy, anemia, ichemic vascular disease, or severer renal disease
Ribovirin
which antivirla drug causes hemolytic anemia
Ribavirin
Tx for Hep. C virus for chronic genotypte 1,4,5,6
combo therapy with Ribavirin with Sofosbuvir and pegylated interferon
tx for chronic genotype 2 or 3 HCV
dual therapy: ribavirin and sofobuvir
what drug should sofobuvir avoid co-administering with?
potent inducers of p-glycoproteins
what are the most common adverse effects for HCV medication
anemia, fatigue, headache, insonmia, nausea
which HCV drug cannot be taken alone
sofobuvir
what are common causes of respiratory syncytial virus
bronchiolitis and pneumonia for children <1
which population does RSV affect the most vs healthy individual
elderly and immunosuppressed; common cold in adults and olderchildren
which population uses Ribavirin for severe LRT illness
premature infants, immunocompromised, chronic lung, congenital heart disease
which drug has no systemic administration and mainly treat ocular diseases
Trifluridine
which drug is 100x more active for CMV infection than acyclovir?
Ganciclovir–mainly targets CMV
which antiviral can only be administered via IV route
Foscarnet
what are the adverse effects for oseltamivir
rash, neuropsychiatric events
What causes resistance of amantadine and rimantadine
AA substitution in M2
CMV is exclusively in what type of population
Immunocompromised
adverse effects for ganciclovir
bone marrow suppression, CNS effects, myelosuppression**
if a 4 year old child came in with the flu, which is the best medication to give
oseltamivir, 1 and over, zanamivir 7 and over
if patients boyfriend has the flu and she want to prevent from getting it, whats the best medication to give
oseltamivir
what has adverse of bone toxicity and renal toxicity
tenofovir
