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pharm exam 4 > antiviral > Flashcards

antiviral Flashcards

1
Q

Acyclovir is taken orally for what? when is Acyclovir used for IV?

A

oral: genital herpes and varicella zoster

IV: severe/disseminated mucocutaneous disease:
-neonate infection, HSV encephalitits, VZV in immunocompromised

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2
Q

which drug does not require prior phosphorylation to be active

A

Foscarnet

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3
Q

what drug requires Thymidine kinase enzyme to be activated

A

Acyclovir

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4
Q

side effects for Acyclovir

A

reversible crystalline nephrotoxicity and neurological effects

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5
Q

Valacyclovir Tx

A

Primary and recurrent genital herpes
Varicella in older children and adults
Zoster
orolabial herpes

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6
Q

What drug is used for HSV and VZV infection that are RESISTANT to acyclovir

A

Foscarnet

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7
Q

Foscarnet tx

A

HSV and VZV infection resistant to Acyclovir, CMV retinitis, colitis, esophagitis

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8
Q

which drug should be AVOIDED for nephrotoxicity

A

Foscarnet

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9
Q

what drug tx CMV retinitis (AIDS), CMV colitis, pneumonitis, esophagitis, through what route?

A

Ganciclovir via IV route and intraocular route with retinitis, but it has 3 routes (IV, oral, intraocular)

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10
Q

which drug is used to reduce risk of CMV disease in transplant recipient

A

Ganciclovir via IV then oral if it gets better

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11
Q

which drug has cough, bronchospasm , decrease pulmonary function side effects

A

Zanamivir

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12
Q

what is the most common influenza disease

A

Pneumonia

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13
Q

which drug is used as chemoprophylaxis for influenza

A

Oseltamivir

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14
Q

which drug would you avoid giving if they have pre-exisiting pulmonary disease

A

Zanamivir

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15
Q

which antiviral drug causes myelosuppression

A

Ganciclovir

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16
Q

which drug requires phosphoylation of CMV UL97

A

Ganciclovir

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17
Q

which drug can be taken after the 48 hr window with what exception?

A

Oseltamivir; if patient has complications (elderly, oregnancy, pre existing condt)

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18
Q

When does Ganciclovir have most adverse effects

A

when using IV

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19
Q

Valganciclovir tx

A

CMV retinitis (AIDS), prevention of CMV disease in patients w/ heart, kidney, and kidney-pancreas transplant

20
Q

which drug tx Keratoconjunctivitis

A

Trifluridine

21
Q

what are all the antiviral drug for herpes virus end result goal for MOA

A

Prevent viral genome to be replicated

22
Q

which drug needs to be given within 48 hrs to have impact on progression

A

influenza antiviral

23
Q

which drug inhibits the spreading of virions through respiratory tract

A

Osetamivir, Znamivir

24
Q

which drug is an inhalation drug administered to oropharynx and lungs

A

Zanamivir

25
Q

which influenza antiviral is no longer useful/effective due to high levels of resistance?

A

Amantadine, Rimantadine

26
Q

which drug is used to treat respiratory syncytial virus? through which route?

A

Ribavirin; aerosol route

27
Q

what is the function of interferion

A

it is a recombinant cytokine; slows absorption and clearance

28
Q

which drug should be avoided for pregnancy, anemia, ichemic vascular disease, or severer renal disease

A

Ribovirin

29
Q

which antivirla drug causes hemolytic anemia

A

Ribavirin

30
Q

Tx for Hep. C virus for chronic genotypte 1,4,5,6

A

combo therapy with Ribavirin with Sofosbuvir and pegylated interferon

31
Q

tx for chronic genotype 2 or 3 HCV

A

dual therapy: ribavirin and sofobuvir

32
Q

what drug should sofobuvir avoid co-administering with?

A

potent inducers of p-glycoproteins

33
Q

what are the most common adverse effects for HCV medication

A

anemia, fatigue, headache, insonmia, nausea

34
Q

which HCV drug cannot be taken alone

A

sofobuvir

35
Q

what are common causes of respiratory syncytial virus

A

bronchiolitis and pneumonia for children <1

36
Q

which population does RSV affect the most vs healthy individual

A

elderly and immunosuppressed; common cold in adults and olderchildren

37
Q

which population uses Ribavirin for severe LRT illness

A

premature infants, immunocompromised, chronic lung, congenital heart disease

38
Q

which drug has no systemic administration and mainly treat ocular diseases

A

Trifluridine

39
Q

which drug is 100x more active for CMV infection than acyclovir?

A

Ganciclovir–mainly targets CMV

40
Q

which antiviral can only be administered via IV route

A

Foscarnet

41
Q

what are the adverse effects for oseltamivir

A

rash, neuropsychiatric events

42
Q

What causes resistance of amantadine and rimantadine

A

AA substitution in M2

43
Q

CMV is exclusively in what type of population

A

Immunocompromised

44
Q

adverse effects for ganciclovir

A

bone marrow suppression, CNS effects, myelosuppression**

45
Q

if a 4 year old child came in with the flu, which is the best medication to give

A

oseltamivir, 1 and over, zanamivir 7 and over

46
Q

if patients boyfriend has the flu and she want to prevent from getting it, whats the best medication to give

A

oseltamivir

47
Q

what has adverse of bone toxicity and renal toxicity

A

tenofovir

pharm exam 4 (13 decks)

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