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pharm exam 4 > antibacterial agents > Flashcards

antibacterial agents Flashcards

1
Q

which are beta lactamase resistance

A

very narrow spectrum:
methicillin
Oxacillin
Nafcillin

Cefepime–4th gen of cephalosproin

Aztreonam

Carbapenem

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2
Q

which group of agents are used for surgical prophylaxis

A

1st gen cephalosporin: Cefazolin, Cephalexin

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3
Q

most common adverse efefct for Carbapenem

A

GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

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4
Q

what does Imipenem bind to, to prevent kidney inactivating it?

A

Cilastatin

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5
Q

Which drug causes flushing, “red man syndrome”

A

Vancomycin

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6
Q

Adverse effects for Aminoglycoside?

A

nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

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7
Q

What will cause resistance to aminoglycoside

A

enzymes altering chemical structure of drug

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8
Q

which antibiotic agents are used as prophylaxis in HIV

A

Clarithromycin/Azithromycin

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9
Q

which drugs has drug efflux resistance

A

macrolides, Tetracycline, Fluoroquinolone

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10
Q

which tetracycline is used as antimalarial prophylaxis

A

Doxycycline

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11
Q

Adverse effect for tetracycline?

A

Nutrient interaction: bind to Ca–>calcify tissue

photosensitivity to UV rays

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12
Q

which drug cause RBC suppresion?

A

Chloramphenicol

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13
Q

which protein synthesis inhibitor drug should be avoided for pregnancy and children

A

Tetracycline

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14
Q

which antibiotic can cause Stevenjohnson syndrom

A

sulfonamide

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15
Q

which drug suppresses bone marrow?

A

Trimethoprim

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16
Q

Which drug causes Gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

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17
Q

which drug targets anaerobic transbacteria

A

Metronidazole

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18
Q

what does pyrimethamine +sulfadiazine combo therapy treat

A

toxoplasmosis for AIDS

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19
Q

which drug competes with PABA

A

Sulfonamides

20
Q

which drug group disrupts winding DNA and separtion of DNA strand

A

Fluoroquinolone

21
Q

which drug binds to divalent cations, and prevent absorption of nutrients?

A

Fluoroquinolone–too much Ca (for example) will inhibit absorption because body absorbs Ca instead of drug

22
Q

which drug causes QT prolongation

A

Fluoroqunolone

23
Q

what drug is a topical that usually is a combo with Bacitracin?

A

polymyxin

24
Q

which antibiotic causes myopathy?

A

Daptomycin

25
Q

which agent requires Ca++ to form pores on the mebrane

A

Daptomycin

26
Q

Which agent “punches wholes “ through membrane

A

Polymyxin B

27
Q

which drug is very useful for resistant bacteria?

A

Linezolid

28
Q

what causes myelosuppression>

A

Linezolid

29
Q

which drugs inhibit PBP

A

All Beta lactams: Penecillin, Cephalosporin, Monobactam(Aztreonam), Carapenem

30
Q

which drug prevents elongation of peptidoglycan cell wal by binding to D-ALA D-ALA pentapeptide

A

vancomycin

31
Q

which drug blocsk incorporation of AA and nucleic acid into cell wall

A

Bacitracin

32
Q

which drug blocks the synthesis of UDP-N actylmurmamic acid

A

Fosfomycin

33
Q

what are the mechanism of resistance for beta lactam compounds

A

Expression of bta lactamase, alteration in PBP binding to drug, Alteration in porin function*

34
Q

what are the mechanism of resistances for Sulfonamide

A
  • less sensitive drug target
  • increased synthesis of PABA
  • Scavenge or use other source of folid acid
35
Q

what are the mech of Resistance for Fluoroquinolone

A

Less sensitive drug target

Transport drug out of cell (drug efflux)

36
Q

Mech of resistance for Chloramphenicol

A

expression of inactivating enzymse

37
Q

which drugs have resistance of drug efflux

A

Macrolide, tetracycline, fluoroquinolone

38
Q

which protein synthesis inhibitors bind to 30s subunit

A

Aminoglycoside, tetracycline

39
Q

which protein synthesis inhibitors bind to 50 subunit

A

Macrolide, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, Linezolid

40
Q

which drug inhibits the initial step of translation

A

Linezolid

41
Q

what are the DNA synthesis inhibitors

A

Anti-folate drugs (Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, Metronidazole) , and DNA gyrase inhibitors (Fluoroquinolone)

42
Q

DNA gyrase inhibitors MOA

A

dirsrupting winding of DNA and sepration of DNA strand during transcription and translation

43
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

prodrug–>reductase activate drug–>become free radical that disrup and damage DNA function

44
Q

Trimethoprim mOA

A

inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase–>impair DNA synthesis

45
Q

which drug tx gonorrhea

A

ciprofloxacin

46
Q

which drug tx anthrax

A

ciprofoxacin

47
Q

what drug inhibits topoisomerase II and IV

A

Fluroquinolone

pharm exam 4 (13 decks)

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