antibacterial agents Flashcards
which are beta lactamase resistance
very narrow spectrum:
methicillin
Oxacillin
Nafcillin
Cefepime–4th gen of cephalosproin
Aztreonam
Carbapenem
which group of agents are used for surgical prophylaxis
1st gen cephalosporin: Cefazolin, Cephalexin
most common adverse efefct for Carbapenem
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
what does Imipenem bind to, to prevent kidney inactivating it?
Cilastatin
Which drug causes flushing, “red man syndrome”
Vancomycin
Adverse effects for Aminoglycoside?
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
What will cause resistance to aminoglycoside
enzymes altering chemical structure of drug
which antibiotic agents are used as prophylaxis in HIV
Clarithromycin/Azithromycin
which drugs has drug efflux resistance
macrolides, Tetracycline, Fluoroquinolone
which tetracycline is used as antimalarial prophylaxis
Doxycycline
Adverse effect for tetracycline?
Nutrient interaction: bind to Ca–>calcify tissue
photosensitivity to UV rays
which drug cause RBC suppresion?
Chloramphenicol
which protein synthesis inhibitor drug should be avoided for pregnancy and children
Tetracycline
which antibiotic can cause Stevenjohnson syndrom
sulfonamide
which drug suppresses bone marrow?
Trimethoprim
Which drug causes Gray baby syndrome
Chloramphenicol
which drug targets anaerobic transbacteria
Metronidazole
what does pyrimethamine +sulfadiazine combo therapy treat
toxoplasmosis for AIDS
which drug competes with PABA
Sulfonamides
which drug group disrupts winding DNA and separtion of DNA strand
Fluoroquinolone
which drug binds to divalent cations, and prevent absorption of nutrients?
Fluoroquinolone–too much Ca (for example) will inhibit absorption because body absorbs Ca instead of drug
which drug causes QT prolongation
Fluoroqunolone
what drug is a topical that usually is a combo with Bacitracin?
polymyxin
which antibiotic causes myopathy?
Daptomycin
which agent requires Ca++ to form pores on the mebrane
Daptomycin
Which agent “punches wholes “ through membrane
Polymyxin B
which drug is very useful for resistant bacteria?
Linezolid
what causes myelosuppression>
Linezolid
which drugs inhibit PBP
All Beta lactams: Penecillin, Cephalosporin, Monobactam(Aztreonam), Carapenem
which drug prevents elongation of peptidoglycan cell wal by binding to D-ALA D-ALA pentapeptide
vancomycin
which drug blocsk incorporation of AA and nucleic acid into cell wall
Bacitracin
which drug blocks the synthesis of UDP-N actylmurmamic acid
Fosfomycin
what are the mechanism of resistance for beta lactam compounds
Expression of bta lactamase, alteration in PBP binding to drug, Alteration in porin function*
what are the mechanism of resistances for Sulfonamide
- less sensitive drug target
- increased synthesis of PABA
- Scavenge or use other source of folid acid
what are the mech of Resistance for Fluoroquinolone
Less sensitive drug target
Transport drug out of cell (drug efflux)
Mech of resistance for Chloramphenicol
expression of inactivating enzymse
which drugs have resistance of drug efflux
Macrolide, tetracycline, fluoroquinolone
which protein synthesis inhibitors bind to 30s subunit
Aminoglycoside, tetracycline
which protein synthesis inhibitors bind to 50 subunit
Macrolide, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, Linezolid
which drug inhibits the initial step of translation
Linezolid
what are the DNA synthesis inhibitors
Anti-folate drugs (Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, Metronidazole) , and DNA gyrase inhibitors (Fluoroquinolone)
DNA gyrase inhibitors MOA
dirsrupting winding of DNA and sepration of DNA strand during transcription and translation
Metronidazole MOA
prodrug–>reductase activate drug–>become free radical that disrup and damage DNA function
Trimethoprim mOA
inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase–>impair DNA synthesis
which drug tx gonorrhea
ciprofloxacin
which drug tx anthrax
ciprofoxacin
what drug inhibits topoisomerase II and IV
Fluroquinolone
