Antiretroviral drugs Flashcards
what are the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Tenofivir, emitricitabine, lamivudine, abacavir, zidovudine
what drugs target reverse transcriptase
NNRTI and NRTI
what are the general adverse effects for NRTI
lactic acidosis, fatty liver disease, lipodystrophy
which drug requires HLA genetic screening before tx to make sure theres no allergic rxn
abacavir
which drugs are approved to use for Chronic hepatitis B with interferon
Lamivudine, Tenofovir
which drug causes hyperpigmentation of palms and soles
emtricitabine
which drug is used for post exposure prophylaxis
Zidovudine
what is the difference between NNRT and NRTI
NNRT binds to site of enzyme distinct from active site, and do not require phophorylation for activation
which drug causes Renal and bone toxicity, and Fanconi syndrome
Tenofovir
which antiretroviral drug should be avoided for pregnant women and children
Emtricitabine, Efavirenz (for pregnancy)
which drugs INDUCE CYP P450
NNRTI
which drugs INHIBIT CYP450
Protease inhibitors
which drug crosses placenta and decrease bone density and fetal growth
Tenofovir
which antiretroviral has the longest 1/2 life
Emtricitabine, >24 hrs
single AA change can confer high level resistance of which drug?
NNRTI
common adverse effects for NNRTI
rash, steven johsnon syndrom, hepatotoxcicity
which drugs prevents with vertical transmission? Which drug reduces vertical transmission?
Lamivudine and nevirapine, zidovudine
which drug has teratogenic effects
efavirenz
what are the protease inhibitors? and what do they target?
Ritonavir, atazanavir; targets HIV protease to block maturation of virions
which drug binds to CCR5 protein and results in blocking entry of virus
Maraviroc
which drug acts as a “booster” to increase 1/2 life of coadmin ARV drugs
Ritonavir
which drug is only used for EXPERIENCED patients with specifically CCR5 virus
Maraviroc
which drugs have AE of hyperlipidemia, lipodystrophy, heptatoxicity, GI intolerance, increase bleeding risk
Protease inhibitors: ritonavir , Atazanavir
which drug causes cough, URT infections, postural hypotension?
Maraviroc
which drug binds to GP41 and inhibits fusion/block entry
Enfuvirtide
which drug is only given through INJECTION route? what is the disadvantage to this?
Enfuvirtide; causes painful erythematous nodules as stie of injection
Which drug requires screening for tropism before it could be used
Maraviroc
which drug prevents DNA strand transfer
Integrase Inhibitor: Raltegravir
which drugs are treated with experienced patients only
Maraviroc and enfuvirtide
What is the inital ARV therapy?
combo of @ least 3 ARV drugs; usually from at least 2 diff classes:
1NNRTI + 2NRTI
1PI + 2NRTI
Raltegravir+ 2NRTIs
which drug causes creatine kinase elevation, myopathy, rhabdomylosis
Raltegravir
which drugs cause blocking entry?
Maraviroc, Enfuvirtide
which drug causes myelosuppression
zidovudine
which drug causes nail hyperpigmentation
Zidovudine
Which drugs can cause high resistance with just a single mutation/change
Lamivudune, emtricitabine, NNRTI, raltegravir
