Antiretroviral drugs

Question 1

what are the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer 1

Tenofivir, emitricitabine, lamivudine, abacavir, zidovudine

Question 2

what drugs target reverse transcriptase

Answer 2

NNRTI and NRTI

Question 3

what are the general adverse effects for NRTI

Answer 3

lactic acidosis, fatty liver disease, lipodystrophy

Question 4

which drug requires HLA genetic screening before tx to make sure theres no allergic rxn

Answer 4

abacavir

Question 5

which drugs are approved to use for Chronic hepatitis B with interferon

Answer 5

Lamivudine, Tenofovir

Question 6

which drug causes hyperpigmentation of palms and soles

Answer 6

emtricitabine

Question 7

which drug is used for post exposure prophylaxis

Answer 7

Zidovudine

Question 8

what is the difference between NNRT and NRTI

Answer 8

NNRT binds to site of enzyme distinct from active site, and do not require phophorylation for activation

Question 9

which drug causes Renal and bone toxicity, and Fanconi syndrome

Answer 9

Tenofovir

Question 10

which antiretroviral drug should be avoided for pregnant women and children

Answer 10

Emtricitabine, Efavirenz (for pregnancy)

Question 11

which drugs INDUCE CYP P450

Answer 11

NNRTI

Question 12

which drugs INHIBIT CYP450

Answer 12

Protease inhibitors

Question 13

which drug crosses placenta and decrease bone density and fetal growth

Answer 13

Tenofovir

Question 14

which antiretroviral has the longest 1/2 life

Answer 14

Emtricitabine, >24 hrs

Question 15

single AA change can confer high level resistance of which drug?

Answer 15

NNRTI

Question 16

common adverse effects for NNRTI

Answer 16

rash, steven johsnon syndrom, hepatotoxcicity

Question 17

which drugs prevents with vertical transmission? Which drug reduces vertical transmission?

Answer 17

Lamivudine and nevirapine, zidovudine

Question 18

which drug has teratogenic effects

Answer 18

efavirenz

Question 19

what are the protease inhibitors? and what do they target?

Answer 19

Ritonavir, atazanavir; targets HIV protease to block maturation of virions

Question 20

which drug binds to CCR5 protein and results in blocking entry of virus

Answer 20

Maraviroc

Question 21

which drug acts as a “booster” to increase 1/2 life of coadmin ARV drugs

Answer 21

Ritonavir

Question 22

which drug is only used for EXPERIENCED patients with specifically CCR5 virus

Answer 22

Maraviroc

Question 23

which drugs have AE of hyperlipidemia, lipodystrophy, heptatoxicity, GI intolerance, increase bleeding risk

Answer 23

Protease inhibitors: ritonavir , Atazanavir

Question 24

which drug causes cough, URT infections, postural hypotension?

Answer 24

Maraviroc

Question 25

which drug binds to GP41 and inhibits fusion/block entry

Answer 25

Enfuvirtide

Question 26

which drug is only given through INJECTION route? what is the disadvantage to this?

Answer 26

Enfuvirtide; causes painful erythematous nodules as stie of injection

Question 27

Which drug requires screening for tropism before it could be used

Answer 27

Maraviroc

Question 28

which drug prevents DNA strand transfer

Answer 28

Integrase Inhibitor: Raltegravir

Question 29

which drugs are treated with experienced patients only

Answer 29

Maraviroc and enfuvirtide

Question 30

What is the inital ARV therapy?

Answer 30

combo of @ least 3 ARV drugs; usually from at least 2 diff classes:

1NNRTI + 2NRTI
1PI + 2NRTI

Raltegravir+ 2NRTIs

Question 31

which drug causes creatine kinase elevation, myopathy, rhabdomylosis

Answer 31

Raltegravir

Question 32

which drugs cause blocking entry?

Answer 32

Maraviroc, Enfuvirtide

Question 33

which drug causes myelosuppression

Answer 33

zidovudine

Question 34

which drug causes nail hyperpigmentation

Answer 34

Zidovudine

Question 35

Which drugs can cause high resistance with just a single mutation/change

Answer 35

Lamivudune, emtricitabine, NNRTI, raltegravir