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pharm exam 4 > anti-microbial > Flashcards

anti-microbial Flashcards

1
Q

what are some characteristics of M. Tuberculosis

A

slow growing organism, dormant–slow metabolism, rapid developing resistance

in active TB: has bloody sputum

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2
Q

what does MAC causes

A

pulmonary disease in immunocompetent individuals, and disseminated disease in AIDS.

Acquired through respiratory droplets

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3
Q

which drugs are in active and latent phases of TB

A

INH, Rifampin

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4
Q

adverse effects of Isoniazid

A

hepatitis–increased with age, and greater in individuals w/ alcoholics, peripheral neuropathy

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5
Q

what is Rifampin used for

A

Active TB/latent TB, mycobacterial infection(MAC), Leprosy

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6
Q

how do you tx a patient with HIV and TB

A

Rifabutin + INH

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7
Q

what is the combo therapy for MAC pulmonary infection

A

macrolide ( clarithromycin or azithromycin), rifabutin/rifampin, ethambutol, +/- streptomycin

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8
Q

which drug is dependent on acidic environment?

A

Pyrazinamide

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9
Q

which is the essential component needed of multidrug combo in treating Active TB

A

Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol

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10
Q

Pyrazinamide side effect thats seen in nearly all patients

A

hyperuricemia

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11
Q

what is Ethambutol used in?

A

use exclusively as 4 combo drug for active TB tx, and combo therapy for MAC

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12
Q

which drug is the 1st drug to go to if there is a multidrug resistant strain for TB or MAC?

A

Streptomycin

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13
Q

what is used to treat leprosy

A

clofazimine, rifampin, dapsone

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14
Q

which drug can causes discoloration on skin?

A

clofazimine

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15
Q

prophylaxis for HIV

A

Clarithromycin, azithromycin

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16
Q

which drug has retrobulbar neuritis AE

A

Ethambutol

17
Q

which drugs have hyperuricemia side effect?

A

Ethambutol, pyrazinamide

18
Q

which drug penetrates cell poorly and only active against extracellular organisms

A

streptomycin

19
Q

which drug inhibits protein synthesis

A

streptomycin

20
Q

which antimicrobial drug has ototoxic and nephrotoxicity adverse effects

A

streptomycin

21
Q

which drug inhibits arabinosyl transferases

A

ethambutol

22
Q

which drug inhibits folic acid synthesis

A

Dapsone

23
Q

which drug inhbits myecolic acid?

A

INH

24
Q

WHich drug is delivered as prod drug and activated by Kat-G?

A

INH

25
Q

which drug inhibits RNA synthesis

A

Rifampin

26
Q

what are the prodrugs?

A

Pyrazinamide, INH

27
Q

what is INH resistance

A

mutation in Kat G gene

overexpression of InhA protein

28
Q

resistance of pyrazinamide

A

mutation on bacterial enzyme (to activate it)

29
Q

streptomycin resistance

A

point mutation in ribosomal protein

pharm exam 4 (13 decks)

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