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Pharmacology 2 > Antihistamines > Flashcards

Antihistamines Flashcards

1
Q

Drug class
“amine”, “adine”, “zine”

A

Antihistamine

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2
Q

Suffix
Antihistamine

A

“amine”, “adine”, “zine”

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3
Q

Two kinds of Antihistamines

A

older Sedating
newer Less sedating

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4
Q

Main difference between sedating and less sedating antihistamines

A

Newer less sedating antihistamines are better tolerated than sedating antihistamines (reduced sedating and anticholinergic effects); cetirizine most likely to cause sedation

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5
Q

Indication
Sedating Antihistamines

A
  • Allergic conditions, eg rhinitis, urticaria (see Practice points below)
  • Itch
  • Nausea and vomiting
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6
Q

Indication
Less sedating antihistamine

A

Allergic rhinitis = hayfever
Chronic urticaria = hives

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7
Q

MOA
Sedating antihistamines

A

Reduce the effects of histamine by binding to the H1 receptor and stabilising it in an inactive form.

They also have anticholinergic activity, some have alpha-blocking activity (eg promethazine) and some have antiserotonin activity

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8
Q

MOA
Less sedating antihistamines

A

Reduce the effects of histamine by binding to the H1 receptor and stabilising it in an inactive form.

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9
Q

Adverse effects
Less sedating antihistamine

A

drowsiness, fatigue, headache, nausea, dry mouth

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10
Q

Precautions
Sedating antihistamines

A

GI obstruction, bladder outlet obstruction (eg prostatic hypertrophy)—may be worsened by the anticholinergic effects of antihistamines.

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11
Q

Adverse effects
Sedating antihistamines

A

sedation, psychomotor impairment (below), dizziness, confusion, headache, blurred vision, mydriasis, dry eyes, constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention

Psychomotor impairment
Sedating antihistamines can impair alertness, cognition, learning, memory and performance.

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12
Q

Practice points
sedating antihistamines

A

less sedating antihistamines are preferred for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria as they are better tolerated and there is more evidence of efficacy

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13
Q

Counselling
All antihistamines

A

May cause sleepiness
Do not operate heavy machinery

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14
Q

Generic names
Sedating antihistamines

A

alimemazine
cyclizine
cyproheptadine
dexchlorpheniramine
diphenhydramine
doxylamine
promethazine

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15
Q

Generic names
Less sedating antihistamines

A

Cetirizine
Desloratadine
Fexofenadine
Loratadine

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16
Q

Drug class and indication

Alimemazine

A

Sedating antihistamine
Urticaria
Itch

17
Q

Drug class and indication

Cyclizine

A

Sedating antihistamine
Nausea and vomiting:
* postoperative
* motion sickness
* radiotherapy-induced

18
Q

Drug class and indication

Cyproheptadine

A

Sedating antihistamine

Allergic conditions, eg rhinitis, urticaria
Itch

19
Q

Drug class and indication

Dexchlorpheniramine

A

Sedating antihistamine
Allergic conditions, eg rhinitis, urticaria
Itch

20
Q

Drug class and indication

Diphenhydramine

A

Sedating antihistamine
Allergic conditions, eg rhinitis, urticaria
Short-term management of insomnia

21
Q

Drug class and indication

Doxylamine

A

Sedating antihistamine
Short-term management of insomnia

22
Q

Drug class and indication

Promethazine

A

Sedating antihistamine
Allergic conditions, eg rhinitis, urticaria
Itch
Nausea and vomiting, including motion sickness
Sedation (short term)

23
Q

Drug class and indication

Cetirizine

A

Less sedating antihistamine
Allergic rhinitis = hayfever
Chronic urticaria = hives

24
Q

Drug class and indication

Desloratadine

A

Less sedating antihistamine
Allergic rhinitis = hayfever
Chronic urticaria = hives

25
Q

Drug class and indication

Fexofenadine

A

Less sedating antihistamine
Allergic rhinitis = hayfever
Chronic urticaria = hives

26
Q

Drug class and indication

Loratadine

A

Less sedating antihistamine
Allergic rhinitis = hayfever
Chronic urticaria = hives

27
Q

What does Histamine do?

A
  • contraction of smooth muscle tissues of the lungs, uterus, and stomach;
  • Vasodilation –> increases permeability and
  • lowers blood pressure
  • increased heart rate.

in allergy histamine and immune response is hypersensitive. Releases massive amounts of histamine leads to allergy symptoms: runny nose, sneezing, itch.
Can cause anaphalaxis

Pharmacology 2 (41 decks)

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