anticoagulantes Flashcards

1
Q

Uso

A

SICA, EVC, prevencion de TVP, TEP
px mucho tiempo sentados, no pueden moverse, cancer, cirugia mayor: prot de cadera, dispositivo de asistencia ventricular, cancer, covid

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2
Q

tratamiento no farmacologico

A

medias de compresion, levantamiento de piernas, compresion de los gastronemios: ejercicio, qx safena externa, filtros de v cava: retencion coagulos

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3
Q

formacion coagulo

A

vasoespasmo > tapon plaquetario > coagulo fibrina > fibrinolisis

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4
Q

donde actuan

A

inhibicion de coagulo de fibrina
formacion del coagulo de firbina: protrombina > trombina: fibrinogeno > fibrina

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5
Q

cuales son los medicamentos?

A

heparina
heparina bajo peso molecular (enoxaparina)
fondaparinux
rivaroxaban, apixaban
dabigatran
warfarina
tromboliticos

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6
Q

Heparina

A

potencia: antitrombina III: inhibe: II, X
actividad impredecible: medir TTPA, aumenta 1.5-2 la coagulacion
En: TVP, TEP, sd coronario agudo: STEMI, NSTEMI, infarto agudo al miocardio con elevacion o sin elevacion del ST, cirugia, hemodialisis, cateter, gasometria
EA: hemorragia GI, menorragia, tx: protamina, trombocitopenia: VI
HIT1: leve, reversible, agregacion de plaquetas: - sangre, hepraina + plaqueta, union a FC: + plaquetas,
HIT2: grave. muerte, por Ig

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7
Q

enoxparina, fondaparinux

A

potencian: antitrombina 3, inhiben X
A: sub cu
max ef: 3-5hrs
Enox: TVP, trombosis venosa profunda, TEP: trombo embolia pulamonar
EA: hemorragia, por: Enox: tx protamina

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8
Q

rivaroxaban, apixaban

A

inhibidor directo: X, sustrato de CYP3A4
prevencion: EVC en FA fibrilacion auricular, TVP, TEP
VO, no monitorizacion
EA: hemorragia

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9
Q

dabigatran

A

inhibidor directo: trombina (IIa), VO, no monitorizacion
prevenir EVC y TEP en FA
EA: dispepsia, gastritis, tx: bloqueante H2, IBP
hemorragia: tx idarucizumab

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10
Q

warfarina

A

inhibe factores dependientes de vit K (2,7,9,10)
efecto: 3-5 dias, profi: TVP, TEP, prevencion trombosis, embolia: px FA, prote Val Cardiaca
monitorizar: multiples interacciones: sustrato CYP2C9, 1A2, 3A4
Hemorragia: tx fitomenadiona (vit K), plasma
sd fetal por warfarina: hemorragia fetal, malformaciones

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11
Q

intervencionismos

A

trombosis dirigida por cateter: miembros inf
embolectomia quirurgica

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12
Q

farmacos tromboliticos

A

TEP, TVP,
destruccion coagulos: alteplasa y tenecteplasa (activan plasminogeno), estreptoquinasa, no mezlcar con anticoaulantes, mjor ac solo

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13
Q

farmacos tromboliticos, indicaciones

A

IAM, EVC isquemico, TEP, TVP iliofemoral extensa
Estre y alte: infusion IV, tene: bolo
EA: estre: activa plasminogeno, tx: acido aminocaproico, reaccion alergica, - eficiente
Alte y tene: + eficiente

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