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Pharmacology > Anticancer > Flashcards

Anticancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the alkylating agents?

A
  1. Mechlorethamine
  2. Cyclophosphamide
  3. Carmustine
  4. Cisplatin
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2
Q

What are the antimetabolites?

A
  1. Methotrexate
  2. Mercaptopurine
  3. Fluorouracil
  4. Cytarabine
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3
Q

What are the natural antibiotics?

A
  1. Daunorubicin

2. Doxorubicin

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4
Q

What are the natural vinca alkaloids, etc?

A
  1. Vinblastine
  2. Vincristine
  3. Etoposide
  4. Paclitaxel
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5
Q

What are the hormonal agents?

A
  1. prednisone
  2. deamethasone
  3. tamoxifen
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6
Q

What is the tyrosine kinase inhibitor?

A

imatinib mesylate

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7
Q

What is the monoclonal antibodies?

A

trastuzumab

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8
Q

What is the log-kill hypothesis?

A

The relationship of tumor cell number to the time of diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, and survival.

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9
Q

What size must a tumor be to be diagnosed?

A

1cm diameter

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10
Q

Explain the difference between CCS and CCNS,

A

CCS - cell cycle-specific are effective in hematologic malignancies that are proliferating and in growth.
CCNS cell cycle non-specific are effective in low-growth solid tumors.

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11
Q

What are all the CCS agents?

A
  1. Methotrexate (S-phase)
  2. Mercaptopurine (S-phase)
  3. Fluorouracil (S-phase)
  4. Cytarabine (S-phase)
  5. Etoposide (G2 phase)
  6. Paclitaxel (G2 phase)
  7. Vinblastine (M phase)
  8. Vincristine (M phase)
  9. Trastuzumab (G1 phase)
  10. imatinib mesylate (G1 phase)
  11. Prednisone (G1 phase)
  12. Tamoxifen (G1 phase)
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12
Q

What are all the CCNS agents?

A
  1. Daunorubicin
  2. Doxorubicin
  3. Cisplatin
  4. Mechlorethamine
  5. Carmustine
  6. Cyclophosphamide
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13
Q

What are the host determinants?

A

Factors that influence response to cancer chemotherapy such as overall performance status of patient, immune system, age, sex, race, organ function, other diseases

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14
Q

What is the drug receptor assays usefulness?

A

Biopsy of specimen to establish management of endocrine-responsive tumors. ER-negative numbers are not likely to respond to hormonal therapy

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action for alkylating agents?

A

Reactive alkyl group to the DNA molecule. N7 position of guanine.
Leads to miscoding, incomplete repair, excessive crosslinking

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16
Q

This drug is activated in the liver.

A

Cyclosphamide

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17
Q

This drug is highly lipid soluble. What indication does it have?

A

Carmustine, brain tumors

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18
Q

This drug can cause nephrotoxicity and otoxicity.

A

Cisplatin

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of antimetabolites?

A

They are metabolized instead of normal substrate, compete with normal metabolite, effect nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis

20
Q

This drug is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. Blocks conversion of folic acid to tetrahydrofolate.

A

Methotrexate

21
Q

This drug causes an inability to convert deoxyuridylate to thymidylate in synthesis.

A

Methotrexate

22
Q

This drug can bypass the metabolic block of methotrexate and protect normal cells.

A

Leucovorin

23
Q

This drug inhibits enzymes of the purine nucleotide synthesis.

A

Mercaptopurine

24
Q

This drug binds to thymidylate synthtase, blocking ratelimiting step of DNA synthesis.

A

Fluorouracil

25
Q

This drug is converted to cytarabine triphosphate to inhibit DNA polymerase.

A

Cytarabine

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action for natural antibiotics?

A

The bind to DNA through intercalation, interfere with replication. It results in uncoiling of the DNA helix.

27
Q

What side effects is seen with both the anthracyclines?

A

cardiotoxic

28
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the vinca alkaloids?

A

They bind to tubulin and disrupt the mitotic spindle apparatus resulting in metaphase arrest.

29
Q

What side effect is seen with vinca alkaloids?

A

neurological toxicity

30
Q

This drug forms a complex with topoisomerase II causing inhibition and DNA breaks.

A

Etoposide

31
Q

This drug is from the bark of the taxus brevifolia. It is an antimicrotubule that promotes microtubules assembly.

A

Paclitaxel

32
Q

What are some mechanisms of action of adrenocorticosteroids?

A

Suppress mitosis in lymphocytes, inhibit COX2, PLA2, cytokines, PMN, binds cytosolic receptors.

33
Q

What side effect is seen with steroid use and what are the symptoms?

A

iatrogenic cushing’s syndrome

puffy/moon face, acne, fat distribution, thin skin, hypercalcemia

34
Q

What drug is a nonsterodial antiestrogen?

A

tamoxifen

35
Q

What drug competes with estradiol for binding to cytoplasmatic estrogen receptors.

A

Tamoxifen

36
Q

What are the short and long term effects associated with tamoxifen?

A

Short: hot flash, nausea, vomiting
Long: vision, hypercalcemia, vaginal bleeding

37
Q

What is the indication of use for tamoxifen?

A

ER positive breast carcinoma

38
Q

This drug inhibits the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, preventing phosphorylation.

A

Imatinib mesylate

39
Q

This drug inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in Bcr-Abl positive cells with CML (chronic myelopid leukemia)

A

Imatinib mesylate

40
Q

This drug is used to treat c-Kit CD117 receptor positive gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

A

Imatinib mesylate

41
Q

This drug does not result in bone marrow suppression.

A

Imatinib mesylate

42
Q

This drug binds to extracellular domain of the EGF human epidermal growth factor receptor HER-2.

A

Trastuzumab

43
Q

This drug results in the downregulation of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase signaling activity.

A

Trastuzumab

44
Q

This drug is used as an adjuvant breast cancer in EGF2 positive tumors or
metastatic breast cancer Her-2.

A

Trastuzumab

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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