Alzheimer's Treatments Flashcards
Alzheimer’s disease is associated with the loss of what? located where?
Acetylcholine producing neurons in nuclues basalis of meynert and frontal cortex
What are the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?
Rivastigmine, Donepezil
What are the cholinergic side effects?
salivation, sweating, nausea, diarrhea, intestinal cramping, urinary incontinence, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction
Which has the lowest tendency to cause cholinergic side effects?
donepezil
This is an NMDA receptor antagonist. What dose it block and where?
Memantine
Glutamate in hippocampus and frontal cortex.
What are the most common side effects of Memantine?
increased blood pressure, dizziness, GI distress, cough
What are the antioxidants and what do they do?
Vitamin E and Seligiline
reduce degenerative changes and slow progression of AD
What are some of the proteins involved in AD?
tau and beta-amyloid
What is amytropic lateral sclerosis?
neurodegenerative disease. muscle weakness, disability, paralysis, death within 3-5 years.
Explain the pathologic process of ALS?
combination of upper and lower motor neuron detenoration with astrocytic glial cells replacing neurons. Combination of oxidative stress and glutamate excitotoxicity
What drug is used to treat ALS?
riluzole
Acts by inhibiting glutamate realease from nerve endings.
Orphan drug
Stimulants for ADHD affect what area of the brain?
locus ceruleus. Cause a release or inhibit the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.
What are the side effects of stimulants for ADHD?
Appetite suppression, hypertension, tachycardia, tremors, emotional lability.
What are the stimulants used for ADHD?
methylphenidate
d-amphetamine
This drug is a mild stimulant and has a short duration of action.
methylphenidate
This drug is a powerful stimulant.
d-amphetamine
This is a non-stimulanting agent used to treat ADHD.
Atomoxatine
Inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine
What are some alternations to ADHD treatment?
antidepressants
alpha-2 agonists
carbamazepine
fish oil
