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IMSE LEC > ANTIBODY PART 2 > Flashcards

ANTIBODY PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

___ is known as macroglobulin

A

IgM

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2
Q

the largest immunoglobulin

A

IgM

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3
Q

IgM has how many half life?

A

The half-life of IgM is about 10 days -
Half-life of IgM in SERUM is about 6 days

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4
Q

IgM is known as macroglobulin, because it has
sedimentation rate of ___,

A

19 S

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5
Q

IgM has a molecular weight of __

A

970,000

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6
Q

a form of IgM that is found in secretions

A

pentamer form

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7
Q

a form of IgM that is found in surface of b cells

A

monomer

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8
Q

The five monomeric units of IgM are held together by a ___

A

“J chain” or “joining chain

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9
Q

Which immunoglobulin joins IgM in the J chain

A

IgA (secretory IgA or IgA2)

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10
Q

it serves as a linkage between disulfide bonds between 2 adjacent monomers

A

J chain or joining chain

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11
Q

The primary response - first immunoglobulin to be appeared during the antigen stimulation

A

IgM

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12
Q

The first immunoglobulin to appear in a maturing infant

A

IgM

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13
Q

The most primitive antibody

A

IgM

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14
Q

The best one for complement fixation

A

IgM

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15
Q

which serologic reaction is best fit for IgM

A

agglutination reaction- no need of enhancement medium

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16
Q

Triggers the classical complement pathway, which is antibody dependent. This is triggered by the which antibody
because it has a single molecule that can initiate reaction and as a result it has multiple binding site

A

IgM

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17
Q

which classical pathway do IgM can activate?

A

classical pathway

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18
Q

IgM has how many binding site?

A

10

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19
Q

an immunoglobulin that is configured and assumes as a starlight shape

A

IgM

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20
Q

Can IgM cross placenta?

A

No, because of its large size

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21
Q

the response in which the exposure to the same antigen is called

A

secondary response

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22
Q

is also referred to as the longer
lag phase, meaning it has no or low antibody
production

A

Primary response

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23
Q

is referred to as the shorter lag
period and happens when it is exposed again with
the same antigen

A

Secondary response

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24
Q

do IgM has memory cells?

A

no memory cells

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25
Q

can IgM still exist in secondary response?

A

yes, but the IgG is much predominant in secondary response

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26
Q

how many percent do IgA constitute in the circulating immunoglobulins?

A

10- 15%

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27
Q

IgA has that appears as a monomer has a molecular weight of

A

160 000

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28
Q

IgA is synthesized in the plasma cells that could be found in the MALT and is released in what form

A

dimer or dimeric form

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29
Q

what is the antibody variation of IgA

A

allotype as it has subclasses

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30
Q

what are the 2 subclasses of IgA

A

IgA1 and IgA2

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31
Q

what is the form of IgA1

A

monomer

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32
Q

what is the form of IgA2

A

dimer

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33
Q

IgA1 is found in ___ as monomer. Lacks
secretory component

A

serum

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34
Q

IgA2, is found as a dimer along with what organs and secretions?

A

respiratory, urogenital, and intestinal
mucosa, and it also appears in milk, saliva, tears, and sweat.

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35
Q

In IgA2
____, which has a molecular weight of about 70,000, is later attached to
the FC region around the hinge portion of the alpha chains

A

A secretory component (SC)

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36
Q

IgA2 is produced by

A

epithelial cells

37
Q

a subclass of IgA that is is more
resistant from the bacterial proteinases

A

IgA2

38
Q

IgA is synthesized in the ____ that could be
found in the MALT and is released in dimeric form

A

plasma cells

39
Q

where can we found the IgD

A

found on the surface of
immunocompetent but unstimulated lymphocytes

40
Q

It is the second type of immunoglobulin to appear

A

IgD

41
Q

Plays an important role in B cell activation

A

IgD

42
Q

The least abundant immunoglobulin in the serum,

A

IgE

43
Q

how many percent do IgE constitute?

A

0.0005 percent

44
Q

The most heat-labile of all immunoglobulins

A

IgE

45
Q

heating of serum to 56C for between 30 minutes and 3 hours results in
___ of IgE and ____

A

conformational changes; loss of ability to bind to target cells.

46
Q

this immunoglobulin does not participate in the common immunoglobulin reaction such as complement fixation,
agglutination, or opsonization

A

IgE

47
Q

what is the immunoglobulin that may attach to basophil and tissue mast cells

A

IgE

48
Q

a specific receptor of IgE is called

A

Fceri receptor

49
Q

This immunoglobulin also mediates some types of hypersensitivity
(allergic reactions) and anaphylaxis, and is generally
responsible for an individual immunity against invading parasites

A

IgE

50
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction- correlated with the IgE is
the ____reaction or the
____

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity ; anaphylactic hypersensitivity

51
Q

what are the wbc that the IgE can attach into?

A

BASOPHIL AND MAST CELLS

52
Q

Type 1 hyper senstivity

short time lag or long time lag?

A

short time lag - reactions can be seen immediately

53
Q

Electrophoretic activity of the immunoglobulins are
found within what region?

A

gamma regions

54
Q

Placental barrier; which immunoglobulin is it?

A

IgG

55
Q

what are the pathways that IgM, IgG, and IgA can trigger?

A

IgG - classical
IgM - classical
IgA - alternative

56
Q

what is the immune mediator of type 1, 2, 3, 4 hypersensitivity

A

Type 1 - IgE
Type 2 - IgG or IgM
Type 3 - IgG or IgM
Type 4 - T cells

57
Q

which type of hypersensitivity does not involve the immunoglobulin as its immune mediator?

A

Type 4 - delayed hypersensitivity

58
Q

which type of hypersensitivity is associated with the immune complexes or the antigen-antibody complexes?

A

Type 3

59
Q

Attempts to explain the specificity of antibody for a
particular antigen began long before the actual
structure of immunoglobulins was discovered.

A

ANTIBODY DIVERSITY

60
Q

4 theories of antibody diversity

A

 Erlich Side-Chain Theory
 Clonal Selection Theory
 Template Theory
 Selective Theory

61
Q

___ postulated that certain cells had specific surface receptors for antigen that were present before contact with antigen occurred.

A

Ehrlich

62
Q

the most simplest form of all the antibody diversity

A

Ehrlich’s side chain

63
Q

antibody diversity that is based on the lock and key method

A

ehrlich’s side chain method

64
Q

antibody diversity

Antibody and antigen should match (retrofitted) so
they could build in the capacity to respond from
each other

A

ehrlich’s side chain

65
Q

the best theory for antibody diversity

A

clonal selection theory

66
Q

an antibody diversity that has pre-programmed reaction

A

clonal selection theory

67
Q

The key premise is that individual lymphocytes are
genetically preprogrammed to produce one type of
immunoglobulin and that a specific antigen finds or
selects those particular cells capable of responding to
it, causing them to proliferate.

A

clonal selection theory

68
Q

This theory is the most accepted theory for the
antibody diversity

A

clonal selection theory

69
Q

the template theory is made by

A

Felix Haurowitz

70
Q

 Second major theory of antibody diversity in 1930’s

A

template theory

71
Q

an antibody diversity theory

Antibody-producing cells are capable of synthesizing
a generalized type of antibody, and when contact
with an antigen occurs, the antigen serves as a MOLD
or template and alters protein synthesis so the
antibody with a specific fit is made.

A

template theory

72
Q

antibody diversity

This specific antibody produced enters the
circulation, while antigen remains behind to direct
further synthesis

A

template theory

73
Q

In template theory, The antibodies are released generally, meaning
there is still no encountered antigen

true or false

A

true

74
Q

In conjunction with the labeled immunoassay,
which are used in serological testing (test kits,
POCT, and highly labeled immunoassay.

A

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY

75
Q

a high specific type of antibody

A

monoclonal antibody

76
Q

associated with the reagents used in the laboratory

A

monoclonal antibody

77
Q

___ discovered a
technique to produce antibody arising from a single
B cell.

A

George Kohler and Cesar Milstein

78
Q

Kohler and Milstein’s technique fuses an activated B
cell with a ___ cell that can be grown
indefinitely in the laboratory.

A

myeloma cell

79
Q

why is myeloma cell used in monoclonal antibody?

A

it lacks an enzyme HGPRT

80
Q

HGPRT means

A

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase

81
Q

An important enzyme to synthesize
nucleotides
from hypoxanthine and thymidine

A

Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase

82
Q

which animal is used to produced hybridoma or monoclonal antibodies?

A

lab mouse

83
Q

explain the process of making hybridoma

A
  1. immuning the lab mouse with antigen
  2. harvest the spleen cells of the mouse
  3. fuse it with PEG (polyethylene glycol)
  4. culture in a culture media HAT- (hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine)
  5. identify which cell line which cell line will survive
    Hybridoma - will grow
    spleen and myeloma will die
84
Q

the first fusing medium used for hybridoma production

A

polyethylene glycol

85
Q

what is the culture media usedfor the hybridoma production

A

HAT- hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine

86
Q

why spleen cells will die upon the process of hybridoma production

A

spleen cells came from b cells which cab’t live in HAT

87
Q

why myeloma cells will die upon the process of hybridoma production

A

Myeloma cells will die because it can not utilize hypoxanthine
and thymidine because it does not have HGPRT

88
Q

WHAT IS THE MAIN SOURCE OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

A

hybridoma production

89
Q
A

IMSE LEC (15 decks)

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