Antibodies and Vaccinations Flashcards
1
Q
What is a vaccine?
A
a drug that prevents serious illness against a specific disease
2
Q
What are monoclonal antibodies?
A
a type of antibody produced artificially in a laboratory from a single clone of cells
3
Q
Where are monoclonal antibodies used?
A
in medicine (vaccines) to help diagnose and treat disease
4
Q
How are monoclonal antibodies made? (simple)
A
Lymphocytes that cannot divide themselves are fused with cancer cells that can divide continuously to make monoclonal antibodies.
5
Q
How are monoclonal antibodies made? (long)
A
- Specific antigen is injected into a mouse
- Antigen stimulates production of lymphocytes to produce particular antibody
- Lymphocytes producing antibody are collect from mouse
- Lymphocytes combined with a tumour cell to make a hybridoma cell
- Hybridoma cells are screened and then grown in culture to produce many identical cells
- Hybridoma cells create many monoclonal antibodies which are collected and purified
6
Q
What are some uses of monoclonal antibodies?
A
- Blocking cell growth
- Flagging cancer cells
- Vaccines
- Pregnancy kits
- Disease diagnosis
- Detecting blood clots
7
Q
Who made the worlds first vaccine and what was it for?
A
Edward Jenner, smallpox
8
Q
How did Jenner think to make a vaccine?
A
- Jenner noticed that milkmaids who contracted cowpox did not get smallpox
- Jenner then took a fluid from a cowpox blister
9
Q
Explain how vaccines work in the body.
A
- Vaccines involve a harmless form of a pathogen being injected into the body
- The immune system recognises this and is prepared for when you are exposed to the original form of the pathogen
- Vaccination protects large numbers of population from infection and disease
