Antibiotics Flashcards
0
Q
Renal tubular reabsorption of penicillin inhibited by _
A
Probenecid
1
Q
Bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitors
A
Penicillin
Cephalosporins
VACCIB (Vanc, aztreonam, cycloserine, clavulanic acid, imipinem, bacitracin)
2
Q
Renal tubular reabsorption inhibited by probenecid
A
Pen G
Pen V
3
Q
Inactivated by penicillamase
A
Pen G/V
Ampicillin/amoxicillin
Piperacillin
4
Q
Penicillin for staph infections
A
Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Cloxacillin
5
Q
Penicillin that can cause interstitial nephritis
A
Methicillin
6
Q
Penicillin that can cause neutropenia
A
Nafcillin
7
Q
SE of methicillin
A
Interstitial nephritis
8
Q
Narrow spectrum penicillin
A
Pen G (inject) Pen V (oral)
9
Q
Coverage of amox/ampi
A
HiB E. coli Listeria Proteus Salmonella Enterococci
10
Q
Penicillin that can cause pseudomembranous colitis
A
Ampicillin
11
Q
SE of ampicillin
A
Pseudomembranous colitis
Rash
12
Q
Antipseudomonal penicillins
A
Ticarcillin
Piperacillin
Carbenicillin
13
Q
Drug interaction of antipseudomonal penicillin with aminoglycosides
A
Synergism
14
Q
Antipseudomonal penicillin that can cause bleeding
A
Ticarcillin (antiplatelet)
15
Q
Cephalosporin with greatest bone and tissue penetration
A
1st gen (cefazolin)
16
Q
Coverage of 1st gen cephalosporins
A
Gram positive
Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella
17
Q
Coverage of second gen cephalosporin
A
Gram positive
HiB, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella, Serratia
18
Q
Cephalosporins with disulfiram reaction
A
Cefamandole
Cefotetan
Cefoperazone
19
Q
Carbapenem
A
Imipinem
Meropenem
Ertapenem
20
Q
Inhibits renal metabolism of imipinem
A
Cilastatin
21
Q
Monobactam
A
Aztreonam
22
Q
Coverage of aztreonam
A
Gram neg especially:
Klebsiella, Serratia, Pseudomonas
23
Q
Uses of vancomycin
A
Pseudomembranous colitis (oral) MRSA
24
SE of nafcillin
Neutropenia
25
Treatment of red man syndrome
Slow infusion of vancomycin
26
Drugs of last resort
```
Imipinem
Amikacin
Meropenem
Linezolid
Streptogranin
Vancomycin
```
27
Beta lactamase inhibitors
Clavulanic acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
28
Glycopeptide that inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-ala-D-ala terminal of nascent peptidoglycan
Vancomycin
29
Peptide antibiotic that interferes with late stage in cell wall synthesis in gram positive organisms
Bacitracin
30
Reserved for topical use only due to nephrotoxicity
Bactracin
31
SE of bacitracin
Nephrotixicity
32
Ketolide
Telithromycin
33
Second line drug for drug-resistant TB (cell wall synthesis inhibitor)
Cycloserine
34
Antipseudomonal cephalosporins
Ceftazidime
Cefoperazone
Cefepime
35
Bactericidal protein sythesis inhibitors
Aminoglycosides
| Streptogramins
36
Bacteriostatic protein sythesis inhibitors
```
Tetracycline
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin (macrolides)
Lincosamides (clindamycin)
Linezolid
```
37
SE of vanco
Red man syndrome
| Nephrotoxic, ototoxic
38
Inhibits translocation
Lincosamides (clinda)
| Macrolides (erythro)
39
Inhibits initiation complex in protein synthesis
Streptomycin
40
Inhibits binding of tRNA to A site
Tetracycline
41
Inhibits transpeptidation
Chloramphenicol
42
Back up for salmonella, rickettsia, bacteroides
Chloramphenicol
43
Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Rifampin
44
Decreased RBC, cyanosis and CVS collapse
Gray baby syndrome
45
SE of chloramphenicol
```
Grey baby syndrome
Aplasic anemia (ideosyncratic)
```
46
Protein synthesis inhibitor that can benused for SIADH
Demeclocycline
47
Enzyme problem in gray baby syndrome
Glucoronosyltransferase
48
Broadest spectrum tetracycline
Tigecycline
49
Teratogenic effect of tetracycline
Tooth enamel dysplasia/discoloration
50
Do not take tetracycline with _ because _
Milk decreases absorption
51
Aminoglycoside with reverse neuromuscular blockade with calcium gluconate and neostigmine
Neomycin
Kanamycin
Paromomycin
52
Macrolide with highest Vd and slowest elimination
Azithromycin
53
Used for macrolide-resistance
Telithromycin
54
All macrolides inhibit CYP450 except _
Azithromycin
55
Protein synthesis inhibtor that is a backup drug against gram positive cocci
Clindamycin
56
Cross ressistance between clinda and _ is common
Macrolides
57
Treatment for anaerobic infections above and below diaphragm
Above: clindamycin
Below: metronidazole
58
Streptogramin
Quinupristin
| Dalfopristin
59
Protein synthesis inhibitor for drug-resistant gram positive cocci
Quinupristin
Dalfopristin
Linezolid (listeria, corynebacteria)
60
Protein synthesis inhibitor that can cause serotonin syndrome
Linezolid
61
Killing action continues when their plasma levels have declined below measureable levels. Seen in?
Postantibiotic effect
| Aminoglyosides and fluoroquinolonea
62
Aminoglycoside with narrowest therapeutic window
Amikacin
63
Mode of excretion of aminoglycosides
Glomerular filtration
64
Require oxygen
Aminoglycosides
65
Protein synthesis inhibitor that causes pseudomembranous colitis
Clindamycin
66
Side effects of animoglycosides
Nephrotoxicity (reversible)
Ototoxicity (irreversible)
Teratogenic
67
Aminoglycosides are synergistic with _
Beta lactams
68
Most nephrotoxic aminoglycosides
Gentamicin
| Tobramycin
69
Aminoglycoside that is a second line drug for MDRTB
Amikacin
70
Coverage of streptomycin
TB
Tularemia
Bubonic plague
Brucellosis
71
Aminoglycoside administered IM
Streptomycin
72
Teratogenic effect of aminoglycosides
Deafness
73
Aminoglycoside for visceral leishmaniasis
Paromomycin
74
Most common drug trigger for SJS/TEN, EM, PAN, exfoliative dermatitis
Sulfonamides
75
Most common drug trigger for SJS/TEN, EM, PAN, exfoliative dermatitis
Sulfonamides
76
Most ototoxic aminoglycoside
Kanamycin
| Amikacin
77
Aminoglycosides limited to topical and oral use
Neomycin
Kanamycin
Paromomycin
78
Aminoglycoside for hepatic encephalopathy
Neomycin
79
Most vestibulotoxic aminoglycosides
Tobramycin
| Gentamicin
80
Aminoglycoside for drug-resistant gonorrhea
Spectinomycin
81
Cummulative ototoxicity of aminoglycosides when used with _
Loop diuretics
82
Nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
ATN
83
Short acting antifolate drug
Sulfisoxazole
84
Intermediate-acting anti-folate drug
Sulfamethoxazole
85
Long acting antifolate drug
Sulfadoxine
86
Enzyme blocked by sulfonamides
Dihydropteroate synthase (competitive inhibition)
87
Enzyme blocked by trimethoprim
Dihydrofolate reductase
88
Sulfonamide with poor eschar penetration
Silver sulfadiazine
89
Sulfonamide with good eschar penetration
Mafenide acetate
90
Antibiotic for burn infection
Silver sulfadiazine
| Mafenide acetate
91
Backup med for cholera
Cotrimoxazole
92
Crossover biochem:
| Topoisomerase I and II
1: swivelase
2: gyrase
93
Enzyme inhibited by fluoroquinolones
Topoisomerase 2 (DNA gyrase) and 4
94
Second gen fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Norfloxacin
95
SE of FQ
Tendinitis
| Tendon rupture
96
Third gen FQ
Levofloxacin
97
FQ enhance toxicity of _
Methylxanthines (theophylline)
98
FQ withdrawn due to severe cardiotoxicity (arrhythmia)
Grepafloxacin (3rd gen)
99
4th gen FQ
Moxifloxacin
100
FQ with SE: diabetes
Gatifloxacin (4th gen)
101
FQ with SE: hepatotoxicity
Trovafloxacin
102
Antibiotics for pseudonembranous colitis
Metronidazole
| Vancomycin
103
Antibiotic with SE: metallic taste
Metronidazole
104
Nitrofurantoin use
UTI except proteus and pseudomonas
105
Spectrum of sulfonamide hypersensitivity
EM
SJS/TEN
PAN
Exfoliative dermatitis
106
First generation FQ
Nalixidic acid
