Antibiotics Flashcards
Bacterididal antibiotics (5)
Very Finely Proficient At Murder Vancomycin Fluoroquinolone Penicillin Aminoglycosides Metronidazole
Bacteriostatic antibiotics (6)
ECSTaTiC
Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Sulfamethoxazole
Timethoprim
Tetracycline
Chloraphenicol
enzymatic hydrolysis of beta lactam ring by formation of beta-lactamases (penicillinases) is the mechanism of resistance of what
Staph aureus
tx: clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam
structural changes in target PBPs is the mechanism of resistance of what
MRSA, pneumococci, enterococci
changes in the porin structures in outer cell wall impeding access of penicillins to PBPs
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Renal tubular reabsorption inhibited by _____
Probenecid
Long-acting intramuscular PCN preparations (2)
benzathine PCN, procaine penicillin
Penicillins have increased activity against enterococci when combined with
aminoglycosides
Antipseudomonal penicillins (3)
Takes Care of Pseudomonas
Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin
Piperacillin
Cephalosporins are bactericidal, mostly IV, all have renal excretion EXCEPT ____ and _____
cefoperazone
ceftriaxone
Microbes within the spectrum of activity of first generation cephalosporins
PEKs first
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
K. pneumoniae
First generation cephalosporins
FADer, help me FAZ my PHarmacology boards CeFADroxil CeFAZolin CePHalothin CePHaprin CePHadrine CePHalexin
Microbes within the spectrum of activity of seccond generation cephalosporins
HEN PEKS
Haemophilus
Enterobacter aerogenes
Neisseria spp;
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
K. pneumoniae
Serratia marcescens
2nd generation cephalosporins
in a FAMily gathering, u see ur FOXy cousing wering a FUR coat and drinking TEA
ceFAMandole
ceFOXitin
ceFURoxime
cefoTEtan
FAC! LORA the PROfessional AZhOLE is still on the FONe ceFAClor LORAcarbef cefPROzil cefmetAZOLE ceFONicid
Most active ceph against penicillin resistance Strep pneumoniae
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
3rd gen cephalosporins
FEnge PO ng PERA to FIX my TTTTTV ceFEtamet cefPOdoxime cefoPERAzone ceFIXime cefTriaxone cefTazidime cefoTaxime cefTizoxime cefTibufen
Drugs of last resort
I AM your Last Shot at Victory imipenem amikacin meropenem linezolid streptogramins vancomycin
Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
ATCELLS aminoglycosides tetracyclines chloramphenicol erythromycin (macrolides) lincosamides (clindamycin) linezolid streptogramins
anaerobic infections ABOVE the diaphragm
clindamycin
BELOW: metronidazole
group of antibiotic that has concentration-dependent killing action
aminoglycosides
time-dependent killing action
penicillins
cephalosporins
killing action continues when their plasma levels declined below measurable levels
post-antibiotic effect (aminoglycosides)
Most vestibulotoxic and nephrotoxic among aminoglycosides:
Gentamicin, tobramycin
Most ototoxic aminoglycosides
kanamycin, amikacin
neromuscular blockade side effect of aminoglycosides can be reversed by
calcium
Neostigmine
most likely to produce skin reactions among aminoglycosides
neomycin
streptomycin
weakly acidic compounds with a common chemical nucleus resembling PABA
Sulfonamides
interferes with bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting: topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) in G(-) organisms, prevents relaxation of supercoiled DNA
topoisomerase IV in G(+) organisms, interferes with the separation of repllicated chromosomal DNA during cell division
Quinolones
1st generation fluoroquinolones and their spectrum of activity
Nalidixic acid, Cinoxacin, Rosoxacin, Oxolinic acid
UTI
2nd generation fluoroquinolones and their spectrum of activity
Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Enoxacin
G(-), gonococci, G(+), mycoplasma
3rd generation fluoroquinolones and their spectrum of activity
Levofloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Moxiflixacin, Sparfloxacin, Grepafloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Pazufloxacin, Tosufloxacin, Balofloxacin
Less G(-) and more G(+) activity,
streptococci
Enterococci
4th generation fluoroquinolones and their spectrum of activity
Trovafloxacin, Alatrofloxacin, Prulifloxacin, Clinafloxacin
broad spectrum, including anaerobes
