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Pharm Block 3 > Antibacterials > Flashcards

Antibacterials Flashcards

1
Q

Time-dependent Killing

A

depends on time above MIC

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2
Q

Concentration-dependent Killing

A

depends on peak concentration

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3
Q

Killing dependent on concentration x time

A

depends on area under the curve

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4
Q

Penicillin G&V

A 
B-Lactam
Gram (+) and (-)
Gram (+) anerobes NOT bacteroides fragilis
Strep
Syphilis
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5
Q

Oxacillin

A

B-Lactam

Tx- B-Lactamase staph

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6
Q

Ampicillin

A

B-Lactam
B-lacatamase (-) Gram (+)
Gram (-)
Less absorption (more in GI)

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7
Q

Ticarcillin

A 
B-Lactam
Broad Gram (-)
Tx- Pseudomonas and anaerobes
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8
Q

Piperacillin

A

B-Lactam
Broad Gram (-)
Pseudomonas and Klebsiella
Ticarcillin resistant bacteria

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9
Q

Cefazolin

A

1st Gen Cephlosporin
Best for Gram +
surgical prophylaxis for skin flora

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10
Q

Cephalexin

A

1st Gen Cephlosporin
Gram (+)
Surgical prophylaxis for skin flora
Oral

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11
Q

cefuroxime

A 
2nd Gen Cephlosporin
more Gram (-) than 1st gen
Less active against staph
Penetrate CNS
Best against Haemophilus
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12
Q

Cefoxtin

A

2nd Gen Cephlosporin
more Gram (-) than 1st gen
less active against staph
good for anaerobes including Bacteroides

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13
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

3rd Gen Cephlosporin
more Gram (-) than 2nd gen
Good for Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus
Tx- Gonorrhea and Meningitis

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14
Q

Ceftazidime

A

3rd Gen Cephlosporin
more Gram (-) than 2nd gen
Good for Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus

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15
Q

Cefepime

A

4th Gen Cephlosporin
more resistant to B-lactamases
tx serious infections

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16
Q

Imipenem

A 
B-Lactam
Broad spectrum
Resistant to B-Lactamase and ESBL
tx- mixed and severe infections
Adverse effects- hypersensitivity and cross rxn with Penicillins
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17
Q

Aztreonam

A 
B-Lactam
Gram (-) aerobic rods
NOT USED for Gram (+) or anaerobes
resistant to some B-Lactamases
not cross reactant with penicillin
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18
Q

Clavulanic Acid

A

B-lactamase inhibitors bind irriversably

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19
Q

Tazobactam

A

B-lactamase inhibitors bind irriversably

20
Q

Vancomycin

A 
Block D-Ala-D-Ala
Gram (+) ONLY
tx-MRSA and C.diff (oral)
IV for systemic
Side effects- Red man, nephrotoxicity, phlebitis, ototoxicity
21
Q

Fosfomycin

A

inhibit peptidoglycan via blocking enolpyruvyl

Tx- UTI caused by E.coli

22
Q

Bacitracin

A

interferes with a cell wall lipid carrier
topical use only
Gram (+)
side effect- allergic dermatitis

23
Q

Polymyxin B

A

Detergent that binds LPS
Gram (-)
topical use for Pseudomonas
side effect- nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity

24
Q

Daptomycin

A 
Cause rapid depolarization of membrane
Tx- Skin infections
     Staph aureus
     Streptococcus
     Enterococcus
25
Q

Norfloxacin

A

Quinolone
Inhibits DNA gyrase
Tx- UTI

26
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Quinolone
Inhibits DNA gyrase
Tx- UTI, infections diarrhea and skin infections

27
Q

Moxifloxacin

A

Quinolone
Better at Gram (+)
Respiratory Infection- Pneumonia and bronchitis
NOT strep throat

28
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

converted to free radical by bacteria to damage DNA
UTI
Side effect- nausea, peripheral neuropathy, hypersensitivity, acute anemia (G6P deficiency)

29
Q

Rifampin

A 
inhibit RNA poly
Tx- TB
prophylaxis for meningitis
induce CYP
Orange urine
30
Q

Findazomicin

A

inhibit RNA poly
tx- C.diff
Oral admin, poorly absorbed (good for GI infection)

31
Q

Metronidazole

A

Anaerobe cause reduction in Nitro group which damages DNA
tx- Anaerobes, C.Diff, H. Pyori, Gardnerella Vaginalis
can cause Bacterial or fungal Super infection

32
Q

Gentamicin

A 
Aminoglycosides
uses aerobic process to enter the cell and bind to ribosome
Has a post antibiotic effect
Concentration dependent
Tx- Gram Neg aerobes
33
Q

Tobramycin

A 
Aminoglycosides
uses aerobic process to enter the cell and bind to ribosome
Has a post antibiotic effect
Concentration dependent
Tx- Gram Neg aerobes
34
Q

Amikacin

A 
Aminoglycosides
uses aerobic process to enter the cell and bind to ribosome
Has a post antibiotic effect
Concentration dependent
Tx- Gram Neg aerobes
Most resistant to modifying enzymes
35
Q

Doxycycline

A

Bind 30S to prevent aminoacyl-tRNA attachment
Bacteriostatic
Resistance- efflux pump
Tx- rickettsia, chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Borrelia (lyme)
Syphilis and gonorrhea
Ca binding prevents absorption
Adverse effects- teeth discoloration

36
Q

MInocycline

A

Bind 30S to prevent aminoacyl-tRNA attachment
Bacteriostatic
Resistance- efflux pump
Tx- rickettsia, chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Borrelia (lyme)
Syphilis and gonorrhea
Ca binding prevents absorption
Adverse effects- teeth discoloration

37
Q

Tigecycline

A

Bind to 30S and blocks aminoacyl-tRNA attachment
skin infection
Bacteriostatic
tx- E.Coli, Citrobacter, Klabsiella, Enterobacter
MRSA, Bacteroides
Ca binding prevents absorption

38
Q

Chloramphenicol

A 
prevents 50S binding of Aminoacyl- tRNA
Broad spectrum
Bacteriostatic
Serious side effect
Bone marrow depression
Grey Baby
optic neuritis and blindness
39
Q

Erythromycin

A

Bind to 50S, blocking protein synthesis
Bacteriostatic
Gram (+)
inhibits CYP3A4

40
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Bind to 50S, blocking protein synthesis
Bacteriostatic
Gram (+)
Tx- respiratory infections, H. Pylori, Penicillin resistant S. pneumoniae

41
Q

Azithromycin

A

Bind to 50S, blocking protein synthesis
Bacteriostatic
Respiratory infection
less cardiac issues

42
Q

Clindamycin

A

Bind to 50S, blocking protein synthesis
Bacteriostatic
Gram (+) and anaerobes, B. Fragilis

43
Q

Linezolid

A 
interfere with 70S
Tx- VRE, S. Aureus, Strep
inhibit MAO (avoid tyramine)
44
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

A

Block Folate pathway

inhibit dihydropteroate syynthase

45
Q

Silver Sulfadiazine

A 
Block Folate pathway
inhibit dihydropteroate syynthase
Burn patients
Renal damage
inhibit CYP2C9 (warfin)
46
Q

Trimethoprim

A

inhibit folate synthesis by dihydrofolate

47
Q

Amoxicillin

A

B-Lactam
B-lacatamase (-) Gram (+)
Gram (-)
Alternate tx for Lymes

Pharm Block 3 (10 decks)

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