Anesthetics

Question 1

Sodium Thiopental

Answer 1

Barbitruate
GABA
IV 10-30 second will induce anesthesia
Long half life-"Hangover effect"
CNS depressant
Side effect- Hypotension, reduce cerebral O2 utilization and reduce cerebral blood flow as a result. reduce intracranial pressure

Question 2

Propofol

Answer 2

IV
maintain and induce anesthesia
Antiemetic (anti-nausea)
short half-life (out-patient)
Side effect- pain on injection (give lidocaine), can produce excitation, CNS same as Thiopental, Hypotension and decrease myocardial contractility, respiratory depression
Sexual Dreams

Question 3

Etomidate

Answer 3

IV
Induce anesthesia in hypotensive patients
Pain on injection (lidocaine) and myoclonus
Side effects: CNS same as thiopentol, NAUSEA, Suppress adrenocortical stress response
No change in Blood Pressure, small increase in HR

Question 4

Ketamine

Answer 4

IV
Dissociative anesthesia
eyes can be open, but unresponsive to commands
spontaneous respiration
Advantage- little respiratory depression and bronchodilator
Side effects- nystagmus, spontaneous limb movement, increased intercranial pressure, BAD dreams

Question 5

Midazolam

Answer 5

Short acting benzodiazepine- IV
Anti-Anxiety
Induction agent
Side effect- respiratory depression
Caution- Parkinsons and bipolar disorders

Question 6

Isoflurane

Answer 6

Inhaled
Not metabolized. Excreted in lungs
induce and maintain anesthesia
Side effects- Airway irritant, increase PaCO2, decrease BP, decrease HR, increase intracranial pressure

Question 7

Desflurane

Answer 7

Inhaled
Volatile at room temp (special equipment)
Not metabolized. Excreted in lungs
Out Patient Surgery
skeletal muscle relaxant
Side effect- airway irritant

Question 8

Sevoflurane

Answer 8

Inhaled
Not Respiratory Irritant
About 5% metabolized by the liver

Question 9

Nitrous oxide

Answer 9

Inhaled (gas at room temp)
Insoluble in blood
rapid uptake and elimination
must give with 100% O2 when emerging
Side effect- contraindicated for pneumothorax

Question 10

Cocaine

Answer 10

Local anesthetic
Blocks Norepinephrine uptake
Vasoconstriction
used in upper respiratory tract to limit mucosal bleeding

Question 11

Procaine

Answer 11

Local anesthetic
short acting
low potency, slow onset

Question 12

Tetracaine

Answer 12

Local anesthetic
long acting
used in spinal and opthalmic
rearly used for nerve block because large doses are toxic

Question 13

Benzocaine

Answer 13

Local anesthetic
low H20 solubility, slow absorption (not toxic)
applied to wounds

Question 14

Lidocaine

Answer 14

Local anesthetic
fast, intense, longer effect
used with Epi to decrease toxicity

Question 15

Bupivacaine

Answer 15

Local anesthetic
Block sensory more than motor
Slow HR

Question 16

Ropivacaine

Answer 16

Local anesthetic
less cardiotoxicity than bupivacaine
More motor sparing