Anterior Triangle Neck

Question 1

boundaries

Answer 1

anterior = median line of neck
posterior = anterior border SCM
superiorly = mandible (inferior border)
apex = jugular notch sternum
roof = subcutaneous tissue, platysma
floor = pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland

Question 2

subdivisions of triangle

Answer 2

1. submental- under chin, medial so only one
2. submandibular- with submandibular gland
3. carotid- with carotid sheath
4. muscular

2,3,4 one on each side

Question 3

muscles of anterior triangle

Answer 3

hyoid muscles- suprahyoid or infrahyoid

Question 4

suprahyoid muscles

Answer 4

elevate hyoid bone for swallowing and vocalization
1. mylohyoid (V3)
2. geniohyoid (C1)
3. stylohyoid (VII)
4. digastric (V3 anterior, VII posterior)

V3 is mandibular branch from CN V

Question 5

infrahyoid muscles

Answer 5

depress hyoid bone for swallowing and vocalization

1. thyrohyoid (C1)
2. ansa- sternohyoid + sternothyroid + omohyoid

Question 6

digastric muscle

Answer 6

og @ digastric fossa deep to mentum (chin) on mandible aka anterior belly

slings @ hyoid bone

in @ digastic fossa on temporal bone posterior to styloid process aka posterior belly

superficial

Question 7

stylohyoid muscle

Answer 7

next to posterior belly digastric (anterosuperiorly)

in @ hyoid bone but tendon splits to surround digastic muscle tendon

superficial

Question 8

mylohyoid muscle

Answer 8

superior and deep to anterior digastric so has same innveration V3

og @ mylohyoid line deep to mandible
in @ hyoid

Question 9

geniohyoid

Answer 9

superior and deep to mylohyoid muscle so considered a deep muscle

og @ geioid tubercule deep to mentum
in @ hyoid bone

inn by C1 spinal nerve

Question 10

infrahyoid muscle order

Answer 10

1. omohyoid - superficial
2. sternohyoid - deep
3. sternothyroid and thyrohyoid, separated by oblique thyroid cartilage

Question 11

glands in anterior triangle

Answer 11

1. parotid - anterior and inferior to auricle
2. submandibular - under mandible approx midway

Question 12

carotid vessels

Answer 12

1. common carotid in sheath
2. internal carotid- no branches in neck since stays in sheath to base of skull
3. external carotid- 8 branches

Question 13

branches of external carotid

Answer 13

1. superior thyroid A- some
2. ascending pharyngeal P- anatomists
3. lingual A- like
4. facial A- freaking
5. occipital P-out
6. posterior auricular P- poor
7. maxillary A- med
8. superficial temporal A- students

sup thyroid only descending
occipital wraps hypoglossal N XII
Ant/Post

Question 14

carotid sinus

Answer 14

@ initial segment of internal carotid artery

has baroreceptor and body with chemoreceptor

carotid sinus nerve- branch of CN IX aka glossopharyngeal

Question 15

vagus nerve

Answer 15

CN X so leaves skull with CN IX and XI thru jugular foramen

lies b/t internal jugular V and common/internal carotid A in sheath

accessory is XI

Question 16

hypoglossal nerve

Answer 16

CN XII
leaves skull thru hypoglossal canal and rides with superior ramus of ansa cervicalis

supply all muscles of tongue expect palatoglossus

Question 17

sympathetic trunk/chain

Answer 17

sympathetics in thoracolumbar go
1. inferior cervical ganglion- fuses with 1st thoracic ganglion = stellate ganglion
2. middle cervical ganglion @ level of cricoid cartilage
3. superior cervical ganglion- largest, @level of C1 and C2 vertebrae, final stop for post synaptic

Question 18

cartilages

Answer 18

1. thyroid cartilage
2. laryngeal prominence aka adam’s apple medial of thyroid cartilage
3. cricoid cartilage- complete ring
4. tracheal cartilages- C shape

Question 19

thyroid and parathyroid vessel supply

Answer 19

1. superior thyroid A and V from external carotid A
2. middle thyroid V
3. thyroid ima A
4. inferior thyroid A
5. left inferior thyroid V aka thyrpoid ima V