4-Hypothalamus Flashcards
major blood supply
perforating arteries from
-anterior and posterior cerebral
-communicating A’s
functions
- chief ANS control center
- sleep waking cycle
- integration of emotional resp and behaviors
- body temp regulation
- food intake reg
- water balance and thirst
- endocrine system aka pituitary control
aka homeostasis
major inputs
- limbic structures- hippocampus + amygdala + cingulate gyrus + septal area + cerebrum + retina
- reticular formation- spinothalamic and spinoreticular fibers (visceral sensations)
major outputs
- pituitary
- reticular formation-motor neurons, preganglionic autonomic neurons
suprachiasmatic nuclei function
circadian cycles, clock
mammillary bodies
processing emotional info from hippocampus (via fornix) and amygdala
anterior and posterior nuclei
regulate body temp
ventromedial and lateral nuclei
satiety and feeding
supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
produce hormones for posterior pituitary
preoptic, medial preoptic, arcuate, periventricular nuclei
release or inhibit hormones to anterior pituitary
suprachiasmatic nucleus
recieves light info from retina via retinohypothalamic/retinosuprachiasmatic tract
-pineal gland secretes melatonin varying light levels
-many melatonin receptors to set/sync clock
aka coordinates sleep/wake cycles in reticular formation
mammillary bodies outputs
mammillothalamic
mammillotegmental
to trigger appropriate visceral resps via parasymp and symps
why memory important
to remember/learn
-location of resources (food, water, warmer climate, mates)
-survival tactics to avoid predators
parasymps
-preoptic and anterior nuclei
pupil constrict (E-W) + inc salivation + dec BP and HR + inc peristalsis
symps
-posterior and lateral nuclei
-pupil dilation + dec salivation + inc HR and BP + dec peristalsis
heat loss
initiated by preoptic and anterior nuclei
-sweating and vasodilate
-dec motor activity
-seek coolor environment
heat production
posterior nuclei
-vasoconstriction
-inc muscular activity
-put on more clothes
eating behavior
lateral nucleus
potential feeding center
eating inhibited by stim of ventromedial nucleus (satiety center)
monitoring blood
-osmoreceptors monitor concentration/hydration of blood
-monitor glucose levels
-alter hormone concentrations
lack blood brain barrier where receptors are to facilitate fxn
posterior pituitary
supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
-hypothalamohypophyseal tract
ADH (water conservation + inc BP) and oxytocin (uterine contractions, break milk)
anterior pituitary
arcuate and periventricular + medial preoptic and preoptic
-have releasing or inhibitory factors via tuberohypophysial tract to median eminence
consciousness
conscious thought and obsessive thinking
-corticohypothalamic pathway from frontal lobe
visceral resps via ANS + specific cranial nerve nuclei and somatic resps via brainstem cranial nerve nuclei
