4-Hypothalamus

Question 1

major blood supply

Answer 1

perforating arteries from
-anterior and posterior cerebral
-communicating A’s

Question 2

functions

Answer 2

1. chief ANS control center
2. sleep waking cycle
3. integration of emotional resp and behaviors
4. body temp regulation
5. food intake reg
6. water balance and thirst
7. endocrine system aka pituitary control

aka homeostasis

Question 3

major inputs

Answer 3

1. limbic structures- hippocampus + amygdala + cingulate gyrus + septal area + cerebrum + retina
2. reticular formation- spinothalamic and spinoreticular fibers (visceral sensations)

Question 4

major outputs

Answer 4

1. pituitary
2. reticular formation-motor neurons, preganglionic autonomic neurons

Question 5

suprachiasmatic nuclei function

Answer 5

circadian cycles, clock

Question 6

mammillary bodies

Answer 6

processing emotional info from hippocampus (via fornix) and amygdala

Question 7

anterior and posterior nuclei

Answer 7

regulate body temp

Question 8

ventromedial and lateral nuclei

Answer 8

satiety and feeding

Question 9

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

Answer 9

produce hormones for posterior pituitary

Question 10

preoptic, medial preoptic, arcuate, periventricular nuclei

Answer 10

release or inhibit hormones to anterior pituitary

Question 11

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 11

recieves light info from retina via retinohypothalamic/retinosuprachiasmatic tract

-pineal gland secretes melatonin varying light levels
-many melatonin receptors to set/sync clock

aka coordinates sleep/wake cycles in reticular formation

Question 12

mammillary bodies outputs

Answer 12

mammillothalamic
mammillotegmental

to trigger appropriate visceral resps via parasymp and symps

Question 13

why memory important

Answer 13

to remember/learn
-location of resources (food, water, warmer climate, mates)
-survival tactics to avoid predators

Question 14

parasymps

Answer 14

-preoptic and anterior nuclei

pupil constrict (E-W) + inc salivation + dec BP and HR + inc peristalsis

Question 15

symps

Answer 15

-posterior and lateral nuclei

-pupil dilation + dec salivation + inc HR and BP + dec peristalsis

Question 16

heat loss

Answer 16

initiated by preoptic and anterior nuclei
-sweating and vasodilate
-dec motor activity
-seek coolor environment

Question 17

heat production

Answer 17

posterior nuclei
-vasoconstriction
-inc muscular activity
-put on more clothes

Question 18

eating behavior

Answer 18

lateral nucleus
potential feeding center

eating inhibited by stim of ventromedial nucleus (satiety center)

Question 19

monitoring blood

Answer 19

-osmoreceptors monitor concentration/hydration of blood
-monitor glucose levels
-alter hormone concentrations

lack blood brain barrier where receptors are to facilitate fxn

Question 20

posterior pituitary

Answer 20

supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
-hypothalamohypophyseal tract

ADH (water conservation + inc BP) and oxytocin (uterine contractions, break milk)

Question 21

anterior pituitary

Answer 21

arcuate and periventricular + medial preoptic and preoptic
-have releasing or inhibitory factors via tuberohypophysial tract to median eminence

Question 22

consciousness

Answer 22

conscious thought and obsessive thinking
-corticohypothalamic pathway from frontal lobe

visceral resps via ANS + specific cranial nerve nuclei and somatic resps via brainstem cranial nerve nuclei