1-Posterior Triangle Neck

Question 1

cervical fascia

Answer 1

aka superficial fascia

@ b/t the dermis of skin and deep investing cervical fascia

contents: platysma (M) + cutaneous Ns + blood/lymph vessels + superficial lymph nodes and fat

Question 2

platysma

muscle

Answer 2

facial expressions

@ skin over clavicle to skin over mandible

inn: facial nerve CN VII

Question 3

deep investing fascia

cervical

Answer 3

-ensheaths SCM + trap
-roof of both post/ant neck triangles

inn: CN XI aka accessory N

Question 4

prevertebral fascia

Answer 4

-surrounds prevertebral muscles and deep muscles of the back
-floor of post triangle

Question 5

pretracheal fascia

Answer 5

covers infrahyoid muscles + viscera of the neck

@front of neck, blends down with fibrous pericardium (heart) and up with buccopharyngeal fascia of pharynx (cheeks, behind oral cavity)

Question 6

carotid sheath

Answer 6

fascial tube with
@inferior/bottom neck: internal jugular vein (lat) > vagus nerve > common carotid (medial)

@superior/higher neck: internal jugular V > vagus N > internal carotid A

external carotid A does anterior triangle

Question 7

retropharyngeal space

Answer 7

@b/t visceral part prevertebral fascia and buccopharyngeal, opens into superiod mediastinum

most important interfascial space for infections

Question 8

sternocleidomastoid

muscle

Answer 8

divides neck into anterior and lateral/posterior regions

og @ 1 head sternum, 1 head clavicle
in @ mastoid process of temporal bone (behind ear)
inn: CN XI accessory N

Question 9

sternocleidomastoid actions

Answer 9

unilateral: rotate head opposite side + laterally flex head

bilateral: extend head + flex cervical vertebrae (takes head with it but specific to vertebrae)

Question 10

posterior cervical region

Answer 10

@posterior neck, post to anterior trap
superficial to suboccipital region

has: splenius + semispinalis + iliocostalis + longissimus + suboccipital muscles

Question 11

lateral cervical region boundaries

aka posterior triange of neck

Answer 11

anterior: SCM
posterior: trapezius
inferior: middle 1/3 clavicle
apex: junction of SCM and trap @ superior nuchal line
roof: investing layer deep cervical fascia
floor: prevertebral muscles (deep cervical fascia)

Question 12

subtriangles in lateral/posterior

Answer 12

divided by inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

1. occipital triangle: superior to omohyoid, apex @ occipital bone
2. subclavian triangle: has subclavian A/V, important for central lines

Question 13

omohyoid muscle

Answer 13

superior belly: anterior triangle, superior border scapula by suprascapular notch > inferior border hyoid

inferior belly: superior border scapula by suprascapular notch > inferior border hyoid

Question 14

lateral cervical/posterior veins

Answer 14

external jugular + subclavian

Question 15

lateral cervical/posterior nerves

Answer 15

brachial plexus + cervical plexus (cutaneous and ansa cervicalis) + phrenic + accessory

Question 16

lateral cervical/posterior arteries

Answer 16

transverse cervical + suprascapular + occipital + subclavian

Question 17

lateral cervical/posterior muscles

Answer 17

splenius capitis + levator scapulae + scalenes (post/mid/ant) + omohyoid (inferior)

Question 18

scalenes

Answer 18

og @ transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

in @ anterior = rib 1 in front of brachial plexus
middle = rib 1 behind brachial plexus
posterior = rib 2

Question 19

venous drainage

Answer 19

posterior auricular + retromandibular = external jugular (superficial to SCM)

external jugular + subclavian join together + internal jugular = brachiocephalic

internal jug is 1st deep structure to SCM

Question 20

cutaneous innervation

cervical plexus

Answer 20

1. lesser occipital C2
2. great auricular C2-3, runs w/ external jug V
3. transverse cervical C2-3, goes to anterior triangle
4. supraclavicular C3,4, skin over clavicle, lateral/intermediate/medial

Question 21

motor innervation

cervical plexus

Answer 21

1. geniohyoid C1
2. thyrohyoid C1
3. omohyoid C2-3, superior and inferior bellies
4. sternothyroid C2-3
5. sternohyoid C2-3
6. phrenic C3-5

omohyoids + sternos = ansa cervicalis

Question 22

lateral/posterior arteries

Answer 22

transverse cervical A split into
1. superficial branch
2. deep branch/dorsal scapular

subclavian A (behind anterior scalene)

suprascapular A (to supra/infraspinatus)