1-Posterior Triangle Neck Flashcards
cervical fascia
aka superficial fascia
@ b/t the dermis of skin and deep investing cervical fascia
contents: platysma (M) + cutaneous Ns + blood/lymph vessels + superficial lymph nodes and fat
platysma
muscle
facial expressions
@ skin over clavicle to skin over mandible
inn: facial nerve CN VII
deep investing fascia
cervical
-ensheaths SCM + trap
-roof of both post/ant neck triangles
inn: CN XI aka accessory N
prevertebral fascia
-surrounds prevertebral muscles and deep muscles of the back
-floor of post triangle
pretracheal fascia
covers infrahyoid muscles + viscera of the neck
@front of neck, blends down with fibrous pericardium (heart) and up with buccopharyngeal fascia of pharynx (cheeks, behind oral cavity)
carotid sheath
fascial tube with
@inferior/bottom neck: internal jugular vein (lat) > vagus nerve > common carotid (medial)
@superior/higher neck: internal jugular V > vagus N > internal carotid A
external carotid A does anterior triangle
retropharyngeal space
@b/t visceral part prevertebral fascia and buccopharyngeal, opens into superiod mediastinum
most important interfascial space for infections
sternocleidomastoid
muscle
divides neck into anterior and lateral/posterior regions
og @ 1 head sternum, 1 head clavicle
in @ mastoid process of temporal bone (behind ear)
inn: CN XI accessory N
sternocleidomastoid actions
unilateral: rotate head opposite side + laterally flex head
bilateral: extend head + flex cervical vertebrae (takes head with it but specific to vertebrae)
posterior cervical region
@posterior neck, post to anterior trap
superficial to suboccipital region
has: splenius + semispinalis + iliocostalis + longissimus + suboccipital muscles
lateral cervical region boundaries
aka posterior triange of neck
anterior: SCM
posterior: trapezius
inferior: middle 1/3 clavicle
apex: junction of SCM and trap @ superior nuchal line
roof: investing layer deep cervical fascia
floor: prevertebral muscles (deep cervical fascia)
subtriangles in lateral/posterior
divided by inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
- occipital triangle: superior to omohyoid, apex @ occipital bone
- subclavian triangle: has subclavian A/V, important for central lines
omohyoid muscle
superior belly: anterior triangle, superior border scapula by suprascapular notch > inferior border hyoid
inferior belly: superior border scapula by suprascapular notch > inferior border hyoid
lateral cervical/posterior veins
external jugular + subclavian
lateral cervical/posterior nerves
brachial plexus + cervical plexus (cutaneous and ansa cervicalis) + phrenic + accessory
lateral cervical/posterior arteries
transverse cervical + suprascapular + occipital + subclavian
lateral cervical/posterior muscles
splenius capitis + levator scapulae + scalenes (post/mid/ant) + omohyoid (inferior)
scalenes
og @ transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
in @ anterior = rib 1 in front of brachial plexus
middle = rib 1 behind brachial plexus
posterior = rib 2
venous drainage
posterior auricular + retromandibular = external jugular (superficial to SCM)
external jugular + subclavian join together + internal jugular = brachiocephalic
internal jug is 1st deep structure to SCM
cutaneous innervation
cervical plexus
- lesser occipital C2
- great auricular C2-3, runs w/ external jug V
- transverse cervical C2-3, goes to anterior triangle
- supraclavicular C3,4, skin over clavicle, lateral/intermediate/medial
motor innervation
cervical plexus
- geniohyoid C1
- thyrohyoid C1
- omohyoid C2-3, superior and inferior bellies
- sternothyroid C2-3
- sternohyoid C2-3
- phrenic C3-5
omohyoids + sternos = ansa cervicalis
lateral/posterior arteries
transverse cervical A split into
1. superficial branch
2. deep branch/dorsal scapular
subclavian A (behind anterior scalene)
suprascapular A (to supra/infraspinatus)
