2-Larynx

Question 1

location

Answer 1

anterior neck suspended by hyoid bone
-adult males @C3-6 levels 5 cm long
-women and kids shorter and more superior

Question 2

single cartilages

Answer 2

1. epiglottic - protects larynx and trachea
2. thyroid- has superior and inferior horns @posterior side
3. cricoid- posterior side called cricoid lamina

Question 3

paired cartilage

Answer 3

1. arytenoid - sits on lamina cricoid, has muscular processes and vocal processes
2. corniculate- on top of arytenoid

Question 4

intrinsic muscles

Answer 4

1. aryepiglottic folds- mucous membrane folds from arytenoid cart that forms laryngeal inlet
   -cuneiform cartilage: superior to corniculate cartilage within ary fold

Question 5

cricothyroid joint

Answer 5

synovial joint + fibrous/ligamentous capsule
@inferior horn thyroid cart and lateral cricoid cart

move= rotation and gliding

Question 6

cricoarytenoid joint

Answer 6

where arytenoid cart meets cricoid

move= sliding side/side and back/forth, rotation, tilting anterior/posterior

Question 7

thyrohyoid membrane

ligaments

Answer 7

extrinsic lig connects thyroid cart with hyoid bone so suspends larynx from hyoid

internal laryngeal N and superior laryngeal A pierce

Question 8

cricothyroid ligament

Answer 8

connect cricoid to thyroid medially
-skin is closest to airway so most accessible for emergency cricothryoidotomy

Question 9

cricotracheal ligament

Answer 9

connect cricoid cart to first tracheal ring

Question 10

vocal ligament/fold

vocal cords

Answer 10

true vocal cords

elastic lig from junction of laminae of thyroid (anterior) to vocal processes of arytenoid cartilage (posterior)

Question 11

conus elasticus

Answer 11

elastic membrane from cricoid cart to vocal lig
-contains median cricothyroid lig + vocal lig + cricothyroid lig

Question 12

quadrangular membrane

Answer 12

thin submucosal sheet of CT from arytenoid cart to epiglottic cart
-covered by aryepiglottic fold
-free edge = vestibular fold of larynx with vestibular lig inside, superior to vocal lig

Question 13

age changes

Answer 13

growth until 3 then @ puberty 12 yr old

males cavities enlarge + walls thicken + vocal folds lengthen/thicken more abruptly than females + laryngeal prominence protrudes

Question 14

ventricle of larynx

Answer 14

cavities on lateral walls b/t vestibular and vocal folds

Question 15

rima glottidis

Answer 15

slit like opening/space b/t vocal folds

Question 16

glottis

Answer 16

invisible line @ level of vocal folds + rima glottidis + narrow part larynx

most directly associated with voice production

Question 17

rima vestibuli

Answer 17

opening b/t vestibular folds
-superior to rima glottidis

Question 18

extrinsic muscles

Answer 18

1. infrahyoids- depress hyoid, low pitch voices
2. suprahyoids- elevate, high pitch voice
3. thyroepiglotticus- widens laryneal inlet

Question 19

adduction muscles

of inlet

Answer 19

aka close laryngeal inlet

1. oblique arytenoid- makes X shape
2. transverse arytenoid- deep to obliques, straight across

will move bodies of arytenoids closer to midline

Question 20

adduction of vocal cord

muscles

Answer 20

1. lateral cricoarytenoid

will rotate muscular processes of arytenoid laterally to swing vocal processes medially and ADDuct

Question 21

abduction of vocal cords

muscles

Answer 21

1. posterior cricoarytenoid

will rotate muscular processes of arytenoids medially so swing vocal processes laterally and ABduct

Question 22

tensor muscles

vocal cords

Answer 22

1. cricothyroid

will tilt inferior border thyroid cart anterioinferior but keep arytenoids in place so since vocal cords attached @internal surface thyroid = tighten and tense

Question 23

relaxation muscles

vocal cords

Answer 23

1. thyroarytenoid
2. vocalis

will slide arytenoids forward/anterior so when contract = loosen cords and relaxes

Question 24

blood supply

Answer 24

1. superior thyroid- from external carotid A
2. superior laryngeal- off superior thyroid, goes into thyrohyoid membrane
3. inferior thyroid > inferior laryngeal A - from thyrocervical trunk, ascends medially to supply thyroid gland

Question 25

innervation

Answer 25

1. superior laryngeal from vagus
2. external laryngeal- muscular inn to cricothyroid muscle, with sup thyroid A
3. internal laryngeal- sensory above vocal folds, enters thru thyrohyoid mem with superior laryngeal A
4. recurrent laryngeals - L under aortic arch + R under subclavian, sensory under vocal folds + musclular to all intrinsic except cricothyroid
5. inferior laryngeal- superior extension of recurrent laryngeal, with inferior lary A