3-Neurocranium

Question 1

contents neurocranium

Answer 1

cranial vault + cranial base, encase brain

unpaired
1. ethmoid
2. frontal
3. sphenoid
4. occipital

paired
1. temporal
2. parietal

Question 2

viscerocranium contents

Answer 2

encase facial organs
unpaired:
1. ethmoid
2. mandible
3. vomer

paired:
1. temporal
2. maxillae
3. inferior nasal conchae
4. zygomatic
5. palatine
6. nasal
7. lacrimal

Question 3

sutures

Answer 3

fibrous, functionally immobile joints
1. coronal (b/t frontal-parietal)
2. sagittal (b/t lobes of parietal)
3. lambodial (b/t parietal-occipital)
4. squamosal (b/t parietal-temporal)

Question 4

glabella

Answer 4

most anterior projection, frontal bone

Question 5

nasion

Answer 5

connect nasal-frontal bone

Question 6

pterion

Answer 6

weak point in skull
-wing of sphenoid bone
-overlays middle meningeal vessl so epidural hemorrhages

Question 7

vertex

Answer 7

most superior part of skull, parietal bones

Question 8

anterior skull origins

Answer 8

aka most of viscerocranium
-from neural crest cells + pharyngeal arches

Question 9

posterior skull origins

Answer 9

aka neurocranium
-from paraxial mesoderm

Question 10

endochondral ossification

Answer 10

bones of base of cranium
make synchondroses joints

Question 11

posterior skull origins

Answer 11

aka neurocranium
-from paraxial mesoderm

Question 12

intramembranous ossification

Answer 12

most other skull bones (not at cranium base)
-makes joint sutures

Question 13

bones in kids

Answer 13

metopic suture divides frontal bone
-anterior fontanelle + posterior fontanelle

cranial helmets used to correct plagio/brachiocephaly

Question 14

normal aging process

Answer 14

sutures and spheno-occipital synchondrosis start to close and obliterate into old age
-patent/open, close/fused, obliterated

Question 15

achondroplasia

Answer 15

affects endochondral ossification
-early fusion of epiphyses in limb bones and synchondroses of skull bones
-sphenooccipital synchondrosis fuses early so shortened anterior-posterior head diameter

Question 16

craniosynostosis

Answer 16

affects intramembranous cranial vault bones
-early fusion of sutures = cranial deformation

Question 17

diploe

Answer 17

trabeculae in flat cranial bones that stores red bone marrow
-so gets affected in any anemic state

Question 18

hair on end sign

Answer 18

xs RBC production in anemic conditions
-looks like hair standing on skull
-could also be from parasitic overload or xs WBC (leukemia)

Question 19

anterior cranial fossa

Answer 19

1. bones- frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid
2. lobes- frontal

Question 20

middle cranial fossa

Answer 20

1. bones- sphenoid, temporal, parietal
2. pituitary gland
3. temporal lobe

Question 21

posterior cranial fossa

Answer 21

1. bones- sphenoid, temporal, occipital
2. cerebellum
3. pons
4. medulla

Question 22

dural venous sinsuses

Answer 22

1. foramen cecum- emissary veins, frontal/ethmoid intersection
2. groove for petrosal sinus @ temporal
3. groove for sigmoid sinus @ temporal
4. groove for transverse sinus @ occipital
5. jugular foramen b/t temporal/occipital

Question 23

arterial grooves

Answer 23

groove for middle meningeal vessles behind pterion

Question 24

ethmoid parts

Answer 24

-crista galli (shark fin)
-cribriform plate with olfactory foramina
-perpendicular plate (part of nasal septum)

Question 25

frontal bone

Answer 25

has supraorbital foramen/notch + frontal sinuses + glabella + nasion

Question 26

sella turcica | sphenoid bone

Answer 26

1. anterior clinoid process 2. tuberculum sellae 3. hypophyseal fossa for pituitary gland 4. posterior clinoid process 5. dorsum sellae

Question 27

foramen of sphenoid

Answer 27

cowboy ROSS 1. foramen rotundum 2. foramen ovale 3. foramen spinosum

Question 28

foramen lacerum

Answer 28

only foramen with no structures going through, covered by cartilage

Question 29

temporal bone features

Answer 29

1. petrous portion for inner ear structures 2. external auditory meatus/internal acoustic meatus 3. processes- zygomatic + styloid + mastoid 4. TMJ/articular tubercule

Question 30

occipital bone things

Answer 30

1. sphenooccipital synchondrosis 2. occipital condyles 3. nuchal lines 4. external/internal occipital protuberance 5. condylar foramen 6. foramen magnum 7. hypoglossal foramen 8. grooves for transverse and superior sagittal sinus

Question 31

olfactory foramina

Answer 31

CN-I

Question 32

optic canal

Answer 32

CN-II ophthalmic A

Question 33

superior orbital fissure

Answer 33

CN-III, IV, V1, VI

Question 34

foramen ovale

Answer 34

CN- V3

Question 35

jugular foramen

Answer 35

CN- IX, X, XI internal jugular V

Question 36

foramen rotundum

Answer 36

CN V2

Question 37

hypoglossal canal

Answer 37

CN XII

Question 38

internal acoustic meatus

Answer 38

CN-VII, VIII

Question 39

foramen magnum

Answer 39

CN XI enters

Question 40

stylomastoid foramen

Answer 40

CN VII

Question 41

incisive foramen

Answer 41

nasopalatine nerves/vessels

Question 42

foramen spinosum

Answer 42

middle meningeal A

Question 43

carotid canal

Answer 43

internal carotid A

Question 44

foramen magnum

Answer 44

brainstem/spinal cord -vertebral arteries -CN XI