Anterior and Medial Thigh

Question 1

Name the hip flexors which are innervated by the femoral nerve.

Answer 1

Pectins us, sartorious and Iliacus.

Question 2

What nerve innervates the psoas muscles?

Answer 2

Anterior rami of L1,L2 (L3).

Question 3

State the functions of pectineus.

Answer 3

Pectineus adducts and flexes the thigh.

Question 4

What are the attachments and insertions of psoas major?

Answer 4

It attaches to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and then distally to the lesser trochanter of the femur.

Question 5

What is the insertion of psoas minor?

Answer 5

The pectineal line.

Question 6

Name three hip flexors whose function is flexion of the hip and stabilisation of this joint.

Answer 6

Psoas major, minor and Iliacus

Question 7

Where on the pelvis does sartorious originate?

Answer 7

Anterior superior iliac spine and the superior notch.

Question 8

Where does sartorious attach?

Answer 8

Pes anuresis.

Question 9

What type of rotation at the hip does sartorius facilitate?

Answer 9

Lateral.

Question 10

Name the four muscles responsible for extension of the knee.

Answer 10

Rectus femoris, Vastus medialis, lateralis and inter-medialis.

Question 11

Where do all of the muscles of the anterior thigh attach?

Answer 11

They attach to the base of the patella, both individually and via the quadriceps tendon.

Question 12

Which of the quadriceps muscles can also assist with hip flexion?

Answer 12

Rectus femoris

Question 13

Where on the pelvis does Rectus femoris attach?

Answer 13

The anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium.

Question 14

What is the origin of Vastus medialis?

Answer 14

Intertrochanteric line, and medial lip of linea Aspera.

Question 15

What is the origin of Vastus lateralis?

Answer 15

Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea Aspera.

Question 16

What structure do the quadriceps indirectly attach to?

Answer 16

They attach to the. Tibial tuberosity indirectly via the patellar tendon.

Question 17

What are the medial and lateral patella retinaculars?

Answer 17

These are aponeurosis by which Vastus medius and lateralis attach to the tibia and patella.

Question 18

What nerve innervates the muscles of the medial thigh?

Answer 18

Obturator nerve

Question 19

What nerve are the quadriceps innervated by?

Answer 19

Femoral nerve (L3,L4)

Question 20

What is the role of obturator externus?

Answer 20

Stabilises the head of the femur within the acetabulum, and also laterally rotates the femur.

Question 21

Where does obturator externus attach?

Answer 21

It attaches to the obturator foramen and the obturator membrane.

Question 22

Where on the femur does adductor brevis attach?

Answer 22

Proximal part of linea Aspera and pectineal line.

Question 23

Where on the pelvis do the adductor muscles insert?

Answer 23

Body of pubis and inferior Ramus of pubis.

Question 24

Where on the femur does adductor longus attach?

Answer 24

Middle 1/3 of linea Aspera.

Question 25

What functions does gracilis assist with?

Answer 25

Gracilis assists with medial rotation, flexion of knee and Adduction of thigh.

Question 26

What structure passes through the adductor hiatus?

Answer 26

The femoral artery.

Question 27

Where does adductor Magnus attach on the femur?

Answer 27

Gluteal tuberosity, linea Aspera and medial supracondylar line.

Question 28

Comment on the structure of adductor Magnus.

Answer 28

This muscle has two parts, a hamstring portion (innervated by the tibial nerve L4) and an adductor portion (innervated by the obturator nerve L3,L4)

Question 29

Starting from the abdominal aorta, name the vessels in the anterior thigh.

Answer 29

The abdominal aorta splits into two common iliac arteries which then split into internal and external portions. The deep artery of the thigh branches off the external iliac artery and gives rise to the medial and lateral circumflex arteries. The remaining portion of the external iliac is called the femoral artery.

Question 30

Describe the path of the great saphenous vein.

Answer 30

This passes anteriorly to the medial malleolus, and then posterior to the medial epicondyle of the femur. It drains into the femoral vein via the saphenous opening.

Question 31

Name the vein which runs posterior lay to the lateral malleolus and then up the back of the leg.

Answer 31

Small saphenous vein.

Question 32

What lymph nodes are found in the lower limb?

Answer 32

Inguinal lymph nodes are found in the groin and popliteal lymph nodes are found in the popliteal fossa.