Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

APHY 165 > AnP Chapter ? (LO6) > Flashcards

AnP Chapter ? (LO6) Flashcards

1
Q

Skin

A

Only 1 to 2mm thick in most places, largest organ 17-20sqft

Defines the body’s structure

Self-regenerating tissue

Separates the internal from external environment

Protects the body from invasion by harmful substances

Helps maintain homeostasis

Sensory nerve receptors gather info from outside world

Ability to stretch and flexibility permit freedom of movement

Can signal diseases or disorders in other body systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

EPIDERMIS

A

Outermost layer

Consists of stratified squamous epithelial tissue

Contains no blood vessels

Obtains oxygen and nutrients by diffusion from dermal layer beneath it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

DERMIS

A

Inner, deeper layer composed of connective tissue

Primarily fibers but also contains elastin fibers and reticular fibers (binds the 2 together)

Contains an abundance of blood vessel, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and nerve endings

Hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

HYPODERMIS

A

Beneath skin

Subcutaneous tissue

Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Subcutaneous fat

A

hypodermis composed mostly of adipose tissue

Helps insulate the body from outside temp changes

Acts as an energy reservoir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS

A

Consists of 4-5 layers and an extra layer in areas with wear and tear

Cells of epidermis outer layer are replaced with new cells

New cells are created in lowest level of the epidermis

The new cells go through changes until they reach skin’s surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stratum basale (basal layer) also called stratum germinativum

A

Innermost layer

Consists of a layer of columnar stem cells

Those stem cells undergo mitosis, producing new skin cells pushing older towards surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Keratin

A

tough, fibrous protein

produced when cells are pushed upward and stop dividing

it replaces the cytoplasm and nucleus in each cell

cells flatten and die as they move further away from blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

stratum corneum

A

Outermost layer

Keratin is all that’s left of the dead cells

Consists of up to 30 layers of dead, flat, keratin coated cells

Makes skin surface durable and resistant to abrasions

Effective barrier, preventing h20 from entering body while still allowing evaporation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Keratinocytes

A

newly arriving flattened cells replace dead cells that flake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Melanocytes

A

produce melanin, scattered throughout basal layer of epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Melanin

A

accumulates in cells of epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 TYPES OF MELANIN

A

Reddish pheomelanin

Brown-black eumelanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Skin color is determined b

A

the amount and type of melanin not melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how melanin works

A

Melanocytes release melanin with the help of long projections

Keratinocytes bring the melanin into their cells

Caps of melanin are formed over the top of the cell nucleus to protect from UV rays

Prolonged exposure to sunlight stimulates cells to secrete more melanin
—Protects cell’s nucleus and darkens the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cyanosis

A

-Blue tint

A deficiency of 02 in circulating blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

jaundice

A
  • yellow discoloration of skin and the whites of the eyes

- Impaired liver function that allows bile to accumulate which stains the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bronzing

A

A golden brown skin color

A deficiency of hormones from adrenal gland, such as occurs with Addison disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Albinism

A

Extremely pale skin, white hair and pink eyes

A genetic lack of melanin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Erythema

A

Abnormal redness
Increased blood flow in dilated blood vessels close to skin surface

May result from heat, exercise, sunburn or emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pallor

A

Pale skin

Decreased blood flow occurs from cold temps, fear, emotional stress, low blood pressure or blood lost

22
Q

Bruise (hematoma

A

Bluish, black or yellow mark on the skin

The breakdown of clotted blood under skin

23
Q

HAIR

A

Everywhere except palms, soles, lips, nipples and some areas of the genitals

24
Q

Papilla:

A

cluster of blood vessels and connective tissue that nourishes at the base of the hair

25
Q

Arrector pili

A

bundle of smooth muscle attached to each hair follicle

26
Q

Hair follicle

A

sheath of epidermis each hair lies within have a rich nerve and blood supply

27
Q

HAIR TEXTURE AND COLOUR

A

Colour obtained from melanin
Grey/white: lack of melanin
Red: eumelanin and phenomelanin

28
Q

2 types of melanin create different shades

A

Eumelanin: dark

Pheomelanin: blonde

29
Q

Shape of hair shaft determines whether it’s straight or curly

A

Round shaft: straight hair

Oval shaft: curly hair

30
Q

ABNORMAL NAIL CHANGES

Clubbing

A
  • Long term 02 deficiency
  • looks like drumstick from above

-nail bed softens causing nail to angle downward
(beaked appearance from side)

31
Q

ABNORMAL NAIL CHANGES

Flattened/concaved nail beds

A

may indicate iron deficiency

32
Q

ABNORMAL NAIL CHANGES

Dark lines beneath nail

A
  • may indicate melanoma in lighter skinned individuals

- such lines may be normal in dark individuals

33
Q

ABNORMAL NAIL CHANGES

White nails

A

-may occur in individuals with lung disease such as emphysema

34
Q

ABNORMAL NAIL CHANGES

Yellowish, thickened, slow growing nails

A

often occur in individuals with lung disease such as emphysema

35
Q

Pale nail beds

A

may be a sign of anemia

36
Q

SWEAT GLANDS

A

Most numerous of the skin glands

Adult skin contains 3-4 million sweat glands

Everyday body loses 500ml of insensible perspiration

37
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Contain a duct that leads from a secretory portion on to skin surface

Widespread throughout the body, especially abundant on palms, soles, forehead and upper torso

Produce a transparent, watery fluid (sweat)

Sweat contains potassium, ammonium, lactic acid, uric acid and other wastes

Sweat plays a chief role in helping the body maintain a constant core temp and eliminated wastes

38
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Contain a duct that leads to a hair follicle

Located mainly in the axillary and anogenital (groin) regions

Scent glands that respond to stress and sexual stimulation

Begin to function at puberty

Sweat produced by these glands don’t have a strong odor unless it accumulates on skin; bacteria degrade substances in sweat = body odor

39
Q

SEBACEOUS GLANDS

A

Open into hair follicle

Secretes sebum

Sebum: keeps skin and hair from drying out

  • –Mild antibacterial and antifungal effect
  • –Excess= pimples and black heads

Sebum production increases during adolescence

40
Q

CERMINOUS GLANDS

A

Exist in external ear canal

Cerumen: ear wax

Helps ear from drying out

Excess= diminishing hearing

41
Q

first degree burn

A

Partial thickness burn: superficial

Involves only the epidermis

Causes redness, slight
swelling and pain

42
Q

second degree burn

A

Partial thickness burn: deep (red, white or tan)

Involves epidermis and part of dermis

Results in blisters, severe pain and swelling

May result in scarring

43
Q

third degree burn

A

Partial thickness burn: deep (red, white or tan)

Involves epidermis and part of dermis

Results in blisters, severe pain and swelling

May result in scarring

44
Q

acne

A

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands, in which follicle becomes blocked with keratinocytes and sebum creating white and black heads

45
Q

dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the sebaceous glands, in which follicle becomes blocked with keratinocytes and sebum creating white and black heads

46
Q

Eczema

A

Itchy, red rash caused by an allergy; lesions initially weep or ooze serum and may become crusted, thickened or scaly

47
Q

Impetigo

A

Contagious bacterial infection of the skin, producing yellow to red weeping, crusted or pustular lesions around the nose, mouth or cheeks on extremities

48
Q

Psoriasis

A

A recurring skin disorder characterized by red papules and scaly silvery plaques with sharply defined borders

49
Q

Tinea

A

Any fungal infection of the skin; usually occurs in most areas, such as the groin, axilla and foot (athlete’s foot)

50
Q

Urticaria

A

Allergic reaction resulting in multiple red patches (wheals) that are intensely itchy

APHY 165 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions