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APHY 165 > AnP Chapter 9 (LO7) > Flashcards

AnP Chapter 9 (LO7) Flashcards

1
Q

JOINTS

A

Contains more than 300 joints

Articulations: joints; where bones meet

Some joints are immovable, others allow only limited movement

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2
Q

how are joints classified

A

According to how moveable they are

Fixed, semi-movable or freely movable

According to material that binds them together

Fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints and synovial joints

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3
Q

FIBROUS JOINT

aka synarthroses

A

result when collagen fibers form one bone penetrate the adjacent bone, anchoring the bones in place

Ex: adult skull

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4
Q

CARTILAGINLUS JOINTS

aka Amphiarthroses

A

2 bones are joined by cartilage

slightly movable

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5
Q

Symphysis

A

cartilage that joins the 2 pubic portions of the os coxae

Creates the joint symphysis pubis

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6
Q

SYNOVIAL JOINTS

aka diarthroses

A

freely movable

Most numerous and versatile of all body’s joints

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7
Q

Bursa

A

small sacs filled with synovial fluid

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8
Q

Every synovial joint contains the following:

A
  • joint capsule
  • synovial membrane
  • joint cavity
  • synovial fluid
  • articular cartilage
  • ligaments
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9
Q

Joint capsule

A

sheet of connective tissue that encloses the joint cavity

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10
Q

Synovial membrane

A

moist, slippery membrane secretes synovial fluid

Lines the inside of the joint

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11
Q

Joint cavity

A

small space between bones allows freedom of movement

Contains synovial fluid

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12
Q

Synovial fluid

A

slippery, viscous egg white fluid

Lubricates joint, nourishes cartilage, removes debris (phagocytes)

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13
Q

Articular cartilage

A

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covers bone surfaces

With synovial fluid, permits friction free movement

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14
Q

Ligaments

A

tough cords of connective tissue; help bind the bones more firmly

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15
Q

BALL AND SOCKET

A
  • ball head fits into cup like socket
  • offers widest range of motion
  • ex: hip and shoulder joints
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16
Q

PIVOT JOINT

A
  • projection from one bone articulates with a ring shaped socket allowing rotation
  • ex) cervical vertebra and 1st vertebra ring
17
Q

HINGE JOINT

A
  • allow only back and fourth movement
  • convex surface fits into a depression of bone
  • ex: elbow, knee
18
Q

SADDLE JOINT

A
  • shaped like saddle-concave in one direction convex in the other
  • allows movement front, back, side, side (limited)
  • only in thumb
19
Q

CONDYLOID JOINT

A
  • oval convex surface fits into a similar depression
  • ex) articulation of distal end of radius with the carpal bones of the wrist
  • allows side to side movement
20
Q

GLIDING JOINT

A
  • 2 bone surfaces slide over each other
  • least mobile because surrounding ligaments
  • ex: tarsal bone of ankle, carpal bone of wrist
21
Q

Flexion

Extension

A

Flexion: involves bending a joint so as to decrease the angle of the joint

Extension: involves straightening a joint, increasing the angle between the bones

22
Q

Hyperextension

Dorsiflexion

Plantar flexion

A

Hyperextension: is the extreme extension of a joint beyond its normally straight position

Dorsiflexion: involves moving the toes or foot upward

Plantar flexion: involves moving the toes or foot downward (toward the plantar surface)

23
Q

Abduction

Adduction

A

is the movement of a body part away from midline of the body

is the movement of a body part toward the midline of the body

24
Q

Circumduction

A

distal end of appendage, such as the arm or leg, moves in a circle

25
Q

Internal rotation

A

when a bone spins toward the body’s midline

26
Q

External rotation

A

when a bone spins away from the body’s midline

27
Q

Supination

A

is a movement that turns the palm upward

28
Q

Inversion

A

a foot movement that turns the sol medially, toward the other foot

29
Q

Eversion

A

a foot movement that turns the sole laterally, away from the other foot

30
Q

Protraction

A

Moves a part forward

31
Q

Retraction

A

moves a part backward

APHY 165 (12 decks)

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