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APHY 165 > AnP Chapter 8 (LO7) > Flashcards

AnP Chapter 8 (LO7) Flashcards

1
Q

FUNCTIONS

A

Provides the body’s framework and foundation

Interaction between bones and muscles create movement

Many muscle, arteries, veins and nerves are named from nearby bones

Provide landmarks for clinicians navigating around the body

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2
Q

Axial skeleton

A

80 comprice upright, central supporting axis of body (skull, rib cage and vertabrel column)

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3
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

126 bones make up limbs, pelvic and shoulder area

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4
Q

Articulations

A

surface markings, flat or rounded for joint formation, projections for muscle attachments, and depressions/passages for blood vessels and nerves

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5
Q

Condyle

A

Rounded knob usually fits into fossa on another bone to form a joint

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6
Q

Facet

A

A flat surface

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7
Q

Head

A

The prominent expanded end of a bone

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8
Q

Fossa

A

A furrow or depression

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9
Q

Fovea

A

A small pit

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10
Q

Sulcus

A

Groove or elongated depression

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11
Q

Crest

A

A moderately raised ridge

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12
Q

Epicondyle

A

A bump superior to a condyle

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13
Q

Process

A

A projection or raised area

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14
Q

Spine

A

A sharp, pointed process

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15
Q

Trochanter

A

A large process; found only on the femur

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16
Q

Tubercle

A

A small, rounded process

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17
Q

Tuberosity

A

A rough raised bump usually for muscle attachment

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18
Q

Canal

A

A tunnel through a bone

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19
Q

Fissure

A

A long slit for blood vessels and nerves

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20
Q

Foramen

A

A round opening, usually a passageway for vessels and nerves

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21
Q

Meatus

A

A tuber-like opening

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22
Q

Sinus

A

Cavity within a bone

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23
Q

Pectoral girdle (4 bones)

A

Scapula 2

Clavicle 2

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24
Q

Pelvic girdle (2 bones)

A

Coxal 2

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25
Q

Upper limbs (60 bones)

A 
Humerous 2 
Radius 2 
Ulna 2 
Carpals 16 
Metacarpals 10 
Phalanges 28
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26
Q

Lower limbs (60 bones)

A 
Femur 2 
Patella 2 
Tibia 2 
Fibula 2 
Tarsals 14 
Metatarsals 10 
Phalanges 28
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27
Q

Ear ( 6 bones)

A

Malleus 2
Incus 2
Stapes 2

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28
Q

Vertebral column ( 26 bones)

A

Cervical vertebrae 7
Thoracic vertebrae 12
Lumbar vertebrae 5

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29
Q

*Skull (22 bones)

A

Cranium 8

Face 14

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30
Q

Cranium 8

A 
Frontal 1 
Parietal 2 
Temporal 2 
Occipital 1 
Sphenoid 1 
Ethmoid 1
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31
Q

Face 14

A 
Nasal 2 
Maxillary 2 
Zygomatic 2 
Mandible 1 
Lacrimal 2 
Palatine 2 
Inferior nasal conchae 2 
Vomer 1
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32
Q

CRANIUM

A

Bony structure housing the brain

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33
Q

Parietal bones 2

A

join together at top of head to form top and sides of cranial cavity

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34
Q

Occipital bones 1

A

forms the rear of the skull

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35
Q

Frontal bone 1

A

forms forehead and roof of eye sockets (orbits)

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36
Q

Ethmoid bone 1

A

contributes to walls of orbits, roof/wall of nasal cavity and nasal septum

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37
Q

Cribriform plate

A

forms part of roof of nasal cavity (allows olfactory nerve reach brain)

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38
Q

Sphenoid bone 1

A

key part of cranial floor plus floor and walls of the orbits

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39
Q

Sella turcica

A

houses pituitary gland

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40
Q

Temporal bones 2

A

form sides of cranium/ part of cranial floor also inner/middle ear

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41
Q

External auditory meatus

Mastoid process

Zygomatic arch

Styloid process

A

External auditory meatus (opening to ear)

Mastoid process (prominent lump behind ear)

Zygomatic arch (cheek bone)

Styloid process (attachment point for several neck muscles)

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42
Q

SUTURE LINES

A

Immovable joints that join the skull together

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43
Q

Coronal suture

A

joint between the parietal bones and the frontal bone

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44
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

the line of articulation between the parietal and occipital

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45
Q

Squamous suture

A

runs along the top edge of temporal bone

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46
Q

Sagittal suture

A

joint between the right and left parietal bones

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47
Q

Foramina

A

holes that allow for passage of nerves and blood vessels

48
Q

Foramen magnum

A

large opening in the base of the skull that allows the spinal cord to pass through as it connects to the brainstem

49
Q

14 bones of the face perform several functions

A

Support teeth

Attachment point for muscles

Form part of nasal and orbital cavities

Gives each face a unique characteristics

50
Q

Maxillae 2

A

meet to form upper jaw; foundation of the face

Form part of orbit floor, roof of mouth and floor/walls of nos

51
Q

Zygomatic 2

A

shape the cheeks and outer edge of the orbit

52
Q

Lacrimal 2

A

paper thin bones form part of the side wall of the orbit

53
Q

Nasal bones 2

A

rectangular bone form bridge of nose (rest of nose is cartilage) rectangular bone form bridge of nose (rest of nose is cartilage)

54
Q

Inferior nasal conchae 2

A

contribute to the nasal cavity

55
Q

Vomer

A

forms inferior half of nasal septum

56
Q

Palatine 2

A

form posterior portion of hard palate

Form part of wall of nasal cavity and part of orbit floor

57
Q

Mandible 1

A

largest and strongest facial bone

Articulations with temporal bone at temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Only facial bone that can move

58
Q

Auditory ossicles

A

3 bones of the middle ear

Malleus (hammer), Incus (anvil), and Stapes (stirrup)

59
Q

Hyoid bone

A

u shaped bone that sits between chin and larynx

Only bone that doesn’t articulate with any other bone

Attachment point for muscles that control tongue, mandible and larynx

60
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

skull cavity: 4 pairs of sinuses that open into internal nose

Frontal sinuses
Maxillary sinuses
Sphenoid sinuses
Ethmoid sinuses

61
Q

INFANT SKULL

A

Varies from adult in 2 key ways:

  1. Suture lines have not yet fused
    - -Bones of skull can shift and overlap
    - -Allow for rapid brain growth
  2. Contains fontanels
62
Q

5 SECTIONS OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN

A 
Cervical vertebrae 7 
Thoracic vertebrae 12 
Lumbar vertebrae 5 
Sacrum 5 fused vertebrae 
Coccyx 4 fused vertebrae
63
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

allows for passage from vertebrae

64
Q

Spinous process

A

projects posteriorly from vertebrae

Bumps you feel when you run hand along spine

65
Q

Transverse process

A

extend from each side of vertebrae

Both transverse and spinous processes serve as attachment points for ligaments and muscles

66
Q

Intervertebral disc

A

layer of cartilage between each vertebrae

Designed to support weight and absorb shock

67
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

gel-like core of vertebral disc

68
Q

Annulus fibrosus

A

ring of tough fibrocartilage

69
Q

ATLAS

A

c1
Greek god who carried world on his shoulders

Supports the skull

Has no body rather a delicate ring and large vertebral foramen

Depressions on each side of the vertebra articulate with bony projections from occipital bone

When head moves back and forth the projections rock back and forth in the depressions

70
Q 
AXIS 
Dens (odontoid process):

Transverse ligament:

A

C2

Dens (odontoid process): projection that projects into the atlas and allows swivel side to side

Transverse ligament: holds the dens in place

71
Q

STERNUM

3 regions

A
  1. Manubrium
    - -Broadest portion
    - -Suprasternal notch: easily palpated
  2. Body
    - -Largest portion
    - -Joins manubrium at sternal angle (location of 2nd rib)
  3. Xiphoid process
    - -Important landmark for CPR
    - -Provides attachment point for some abdominal muscles
72
Q

True ribs

A

1-7 attach to sternum by costal cartilage

73
Q

Costal cartilage

A

strip of hyaline cartilage

74
Q

False ribs

A

8-12

8,9, 10 attach to cartilage of rib 7

75
Q

Floating ribs

A

11 and 12

Do not attach to any part of anterior thoracic cage

76
Q

Costal margin

Costal angle

A

Costal margins: lower edges of thoracic cage

Costal angle: 2 costal margins meet at xiphoid process

  • Should be less than 90 degrees
  • Pregnancy and lung disease cause angle to increase
77
Q

Shoulder girdle/pectoral girdle

A

supports the arm

2 pectoral girdles- 1 on each side

Consists of a clavicle (collarbone) and scapula (shoulder blade)

78
Q

Clavicle

A

slightly s-shaped

Articulations with sternum and scapula to help support the shoulder

79
Q

Scapula

A

lies over ribs 2 to 7

Lateral portion has 3 main features

80
Q

scapula 3 features

A
  1. Acromion process: articulates with clavicle
    - Only point where arm and scapula attach to rest of skeleton
  2. Coracoid process: finger like process provides a point for arm muscles to attach
  3. Glenoid cavity: shallow socket articulates with head of humorous
81
Q

Humerus

A

long bone of upper arm consisting of:

Head: enlarged end of bone covered in articular cartilage

Articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula

82
Q

Olecranon fossa

A

a depression on posterior side of humerus

83
Q

Olecranon process

A

bony part of elbow

Slides in the olecranon fossa when arm is extended

84
Q

Styloid process of radius/ulna

A

bony bumps that can be felt at wrist

85
Q

Ulna

A

other bone lower arm: longer than radius

86
Q

Proximal head:

A

distinctive disc that rotates on humerus when palm is turned forward and back

87
Q

Radial tuberosity

A

where the biceps muscle attaches to bone

88
Q

Phalanges

A

form fingers

Thumb consists of 2 others consist of 3

Identified by roman numerals I-V

89
Q

Metacarpal bones

A

5 form the palm

90
Q

Carpal bones

A

8 form wrist arranged in 2 rows of 4 bones

Allow wrist to move back/forth and side to side

Each bone has individual name

91
Q

8 carpal bone names

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapoid, capitate and hamate

92
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

foundation of the pelvis

93
Q

Os coxae

A

each of the 2 large bones of hip (Coxal bone or innominate bone)

94
Q

Os coxae consists of 3 bones fused together

A

ilium
ischium
pubis

95
Q

ilium
ischium
pubis

A

Ilium: large, flaring section you can feel under the skin

Ischium: lower posterior portion

Pubis: most anterior portion that joins with other pubis at the symphysis pubis

96
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

where each os coxae articulates with the sacrum

97
Q

Iliac crest

A

upper, outer edge of ilium

98
Q

Greater sciatic notch

A

point through which static nerve passes on it’s path to the back of the thigh

99
Q

Acetabulum

A

a depression that houses the head of the femur to form “hip socket”

100
Q

Ischial tuberosity

A

support body when sitting

101
Q

PELVIS

A

Combination of os coxae and the sacrum

Supports the trunk

Provides an attachment point for legs

Protects the organs of the pelvis

Divided into true (lesser) pelvis and a false (greater) pelvis

102
Q

True pelvis

A

extends between pelvic brim

103
Q

Pelvic outlet

A

lower edge of true pelvis

104
Q

False pelvis

A

extends between the outer, flaring edges of iliac bones

105
Q

Femur

A

Longest/strongest bone in body

Articulates with acetabulum of pelvis

106
Q

Medial and lateral epicondyle

A

widest points of femur

107
Q

Greater/lesser trochanter

A

attachment for hip muscles

108
Q

Fibula

A

Long/slender beside tibia

Helps stabilize ankle

Does not bear weight

Head articulates with tibia

109
Q

Lateral malleolus

A

distal end of fibula (ankle)

110
Q

Tibia

A

Only one that bears weight (skin)

Articulates with femur

111
Q

Tibial tuberosity

A

attachment point for thigh muscles

112
Q

Medial malleolus

A

bony knob on inner ankle

113
Q

Patella

A

Triangular sesamoid bone

Embedded in tendon of knee

Starts as cartilage and then ossifies between age 3 and 6

114
Q

Hallux

A

big toe

Contains 2 bones: proximal and distal phalanx (not middle)

115
Q

Arches of foot include:

A

a lateral longitudinal arch

Medial longitudinal arch

Transverse arch

APHY 165 (12 decks)

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