Anorectal/ peritoneal disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Pruritis ani- Eti

A
  • Due to local disease, lichen simplex, psoriasis, hemorrhoids, irritating secretions
  • 1/3 due to nerve root impingements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pruritis ani- Sx

A
  • Nocturnal itching in anogenital area

- Fissures, erythema, maceration, lichenification & excoriations may be present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pruritis ani- Dx

A
  • Determine root cause: DM, tissue scrapings, pinworms, nerve root impingement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pruritis ani- Tx

A
  • Pramoxine cream

- Cleaning pads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hemorrhoids-

A
  • Internal- subepithelal vascular cushions of CT, sm much and rectal arteries & veins
  • External- inferior hemrrhoidal veins
  • Due to straining, constipation, sitting, obesity, fiber, pregnant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hemorrhoids- Sx

A
  • Bright red blood per recturm
  • Mucoid discharge
  • Protuberant purple nodules
  • External: Painful, visible, fistulas, fissures, tags
  • Internal: pain unusual, may eventually protrude`
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hemorrhoids- Dx

A
  • Anoscopy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hemorrhoids- Tx

A
  • Excision for stage IV
  • Rubber band ligation
  • Increase fiber, fluids, sitz baths, analgesics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fecal incontinence- Eti

A
  • 10% elderly

- Due to collitis, local anal problems, obstetric trauma, spinal cord injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fecal incontinence- Sx

A
  • Incontinence of stool
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fecal incontinence- Dx

A
  • Confirm anocutaneous reflex
  • DRE
  • Anoscopt & sigmoidoscopy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fecal incontinence- Tx

A
  • Fiber, bulking agents, antidiarrheals

- Sphincter exercises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Rectal prolapse- Eti

A
  • Protrusion of anus through rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rectal prolapse- Sx

A
  • Prolapse reduces after defecation

- Progresses- mucous discharge, bleeding, incontinence, spincteric damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Rectal prolapse- Tx

A

Surgical correction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fissure in ano- Eti

A
  • Trauma during defecation

- Straining, constipation or high sphincter tone

17
Q

Fissure in ano- Sx

A

Linear or rocket shaped ulcer

  • <5 mm in length
  • Severe tearing pain during defecation
  • Hematochezia
18
Q

Fissure in ano- Tx

A
  • Promote effortless BMs
  • Fiber, sitz baths
  • Topical anesthetics
19
Q

Perirectal abscess- Eti

A
  • Infection of anal crypts

- Anal fissure or chrons

20
Q

Perirectal abscess- Sx

A

Throbbing, continuous perianal pain

- Erythema, flatuance, swelling

21
Q

Perirectal abscess- Tx

A

Incision & drainage

22
Q

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis- Eti

A
  • Hx of liver disease & ascites
  • 20-30% cirrhotic pts
  • Gram negatives- E. coli, klebsiella
23
Q

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis- Sx

A
  • Fever & abd pain
  • Change in mental status
  • Signs of chronic liver disease
  • Abd tenderness
24
Q

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis- Dx

A
  • Ascitic fluid eval- WBCs, cultures

- CT

25
Q

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis- Tx

A
  • Thrid generation cefelosporin- ceftriaxone
26
Q

Ascites- Eti

A
  • 80% due to portal HTN secondary to liver disease

- Pathologic accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity

27
Q

Ascites- Sx

A
  • Increasing abd girth
  • Abd pain
  • Cephalad flow of abd veins
  • Asterixis
28
Q

Ascites- Dx

A
  • Abd paracentesis
  • Phys exam
  • US/ CT
29
Q

Ascites- Tx

A
  • Diuretics
  • Reduce sodium
  • Large volume paracentesis
30
Q

Malignant ascites- Eti

A
  • 2/3 due to Peritoneal carcinomatosis
  • Adenocarcinoma of ovary, uterus, pancreas, stomach, colon
  • Lymph obstruction or portal HTN
31
Q

Malignant ascites- Sx

A
  • Wt loss associated with increased abd girth

- abd discomfort

32
Q

Malignant ascites- Dx

A
  • Paracentesis

- Laproscopy

33
Q

Malignant ascites- Tx

A
  • Paracentesis
  • Indwelling catheter
  • Intraperitoneal chemo