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8th and 9th Grade > Ancient Rome > Flashcards

Ancient Rome Flashcards

1
Q

type of government in rome

A

representative, 3 branches, checks and balances

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2
Q

big fear in rome

A

tyranny

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3
Q

12 tables of roman law

A

first written laws to ensure fairer treatment of both patricians and plebeians

stated the rights, laws duties of the roman citizens

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4
Q

conquered people are expected to

A

follow roman law, pay taxes

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5
Q

romans great rival in 264 bc

A

carthage, because of rome’s expansion

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6
Q

cause of rivalry with carthage and rome

A

mediterranean sea

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7
Q

pax romana

A

golden age

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8
Q

what happened to the roman empire

A

it expanded and defeated carthage

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9
Q

emperor augustus

A

the emperor during pax romana

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10
Q

Italy’s geography is a

A

peninsula

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11
Q

Mountain range that runs from north to south dividing the peninsula

A

The Apennine Mountain Range

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12
Q

The Apennines’ impact on development

A

less rugged, leading to fewer isolated communities

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13
Q

effect of more farmable land than greece

A

supported a larger population

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14
Q

How was Rome’s location on the Tiber River strategic

A

close to the sea for trade but far enough inland to avoid pirate attacks.

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15
Q

What made Rome easy to defend

A

The Seven Hills of Rome

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16
Q

How did Etruscans transform Rome

A

From a village to a city

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17
Q

What did romans do to the Etruscan king

A

they overthrew him and established a roman republic where leaders were elected

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18
Q

Roman confederation

A
  • allowed certain people like the Latins full Roman citizenship
  • other communities became allies, retaining their own govt but required to send soldiers.
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19
Q

Livy

A

Wrote about Cincinnatus

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20
Q

Cincinnatus

A

a Roman farmer who became a temporary ruler to save Rome

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21
Q

What was the Roman military like

A

brave soldiers, persistent,

strategic colonies - built fortified towns and roads to connect them, enabling quick troop movement.

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22
Q

Patricians

A

Wealthy landowners and ruling class.

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23
Q

Plebeians

A

Less wealthy people, including farmers and merchants.

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24
Q

both could vote, but only _______ could hold office

A

patricians

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25
Q

Consuls

A

Two officials who ran the government and led the army (elected yearly).

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26
Q

Praetors

A

Responsible for civil law and later expanded to non-citizens.

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27
Q

Senate

A

Originally an advisory body of 300 patricians, later gained the power to pass laws

28
Q

Law of Nations

A

Developed as Rome expanded and dealt with both Romans and non-Romans.
Introduced principles of universal justice

29
Q

the conflict of the orders

A

political struggle between the plebians and patricians

30
Q

council of the plebs

A

council that allowed plebeians to pass laws and elect their own officials called tribunes

31
Q

tribunes

A

officials that council of the plebs elected which empowered them politically and socially against the patrician class.

32
Q

Wars fought between Rome and Carthage

A

The Punic Wars

33
Q

What did they fight over in the First Punic War

A

control of Sicily. Rome, initially a land power

34
Q

Hannibal

A

Led the second punic war, who crossed the Alps with 46,000 men and 37 elephants.

35
Q

what happened in the Battle of Cannae

A

Rome suffered a major defeat, but eventually recovered.

36
Q

Battle of Zama

A

Rome defeated Hannibal, and Spain became a Roman province.

37
Q

Third Punic War

A

Rome completely destroyed Carthage in 146 BCE, selling its inhabitants into slavery and taking over its territory as a province.

38
Q

primary governing body of Rome by 2nd century BC

A

the senate

39
Q

where did senators mainly come from

A

the wealthy landed aristocracy and held power for life

40
Q

what did the senate control

A

foreign policy, military, and financial matters

41
Q

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

A

tried to address the crisis of landless poor by proposing land reforms to redistribute land from wealthy landowners to the landless.

42
Q

gracchi brother’s attempts for reform led to

A

increased violence and instability.

Many senators, whose estates were affected, opposed these reforms and had Tiberius and Gaius killed

43
Q

General Marius

A

recruited soldiers from the urban and rural poor, promising them land in exchange for military service.

44
Q

Sulla

A

took control of Rome in 82 B.C. after a civil war with Marius

45
Q

what did sulla do

A
  • carried out a reign of terror, purging his enemies, and restored power to the Senate.
  • Sulla’s use of the army to seize power set a dangerous precedent for future leaders.
46
Q

who formed the First Triumvirate

A

Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar

47
Q

First Triumvirate

A

an alliance to dominate Roman politics

48
Q

After Crassus’s death in 53 B.C…

A

Pompey and Caesar became rivals

49
Q

What did the Senate do because of their fear of Caesar’s growing power

A

assassinated him

50
Q

what did caesar introduce after being named dictator for life

A

He introduced reforms, including land redistribution, expanding the Senate, and implementing the solar calendar

51
Q

why was the second triumvirate formed

A

after caesars death to avenge caesar and divide power

52
Q

who formed the second triumvite

A

octavian, antony, and lepidus

53
Q

who did antony (caesars ally) ally with

A

cleopatra, the two were defeated by Octavian’s forces at the Battle of Actium and they committed suicide

54
Q

what did augustus do

A
  • maintained control of the military
  • created a standing army of 28 legions and a praetorian guard to protect the emperor.
  • expanded the empire, though his campaign to conquer Germany ended in failure.
55
Q

Successors of Augustus

A

Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero, all from his family

56
Q

roman and greek culture blended creating

A

greco-roman civilizations

57
Q

Triumvirate

A

A government led by three rulers with equal power.

58
Q

Legion

A

A Roman military unit consisting of about 5,000 soldiers.

59
Q

Latifundia

A

Large estates that dominated farming in the Roman Empire, often worked by slaves.

60
Q

roman values

A
  • family/who you came from
  • pride
  • power + control
61
Q

peninsula

A

piece of land surrounded by water on three sides

62
Q

how much of the population was slaves

A

1/3

62
Q

what are the three social groups

A

patricians, plebeians, slaves

63
Q

subjects

A

non-romans and lived under their rule

64
Q

who did romans look down on

A

everyone because they were always winning

65
Q

roman religion

A

polytheistic

66
Q

freedmen

A

former slaves, not citizens

8th and 9th Grade (32 decks)

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