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Anatomy (Thorax) Flashcards

1
Q

Extension of sibsons fascia

A

C7 to 1st rib

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2
Q

Apex of lungs related to first rib

A

4cm above 1st costoclavicular joint

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3
Q

Number of collateral venous pathway in SVC obstruction

A

4
Azygos vein
Internal mammary venous pathway
Long thoracic brevis system with connections to the femoral and vertebral veins (2 pathways)

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4
Q

Muscle behind middle third of clavicle

A

Subclavius

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5
Q

Artery behind third part of Clavicle

A

Subclavian

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6
Q

Attachment of sternohyoid to other than sternum and hyoid

A

Posterior surface of medial third of clavicle

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7
Q

Location of greatest proportion of pectineus muscle in heart

A

Right atrium

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8
Q

Location of pulmonary and mitral valve in relation with ribs

A

P Left third costal cartilage
M Left 4th costal cartilage

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9
Q

Tributaries of coronary sinus

A

Cardiac veins

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10
Q

Location of great cardiac vein

A

Left side

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11
Q

Location of middle cardiac vein

A

Right side

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12
Q

Location of small cardiac vein

A

Left side

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13
Q

Location and draining point of smallest cardiac vein

A

Anterior cardiac vein draining into right atrium directly

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14
Q

Area supplied by right coronary artery

A

Right atrium
Diaphragmatic part of right ventricle
Posterior third of interventricular septum
SA node (60%)
AV node (80%)

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15
Q

Supplied area of left coronary artery

A

Left atrium
Left ventricles must part
Part of right ventricle
Anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum
SA node(40%)

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16
Q

Position of cusps of tricuspid valve

A

2 anterior

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17
Q

Relation of phrenic nerve with cervical fascia

A

It lies deep to Prevertebral later of deep cervical fascia

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18
Q

Relation of phrenic nerve with scalene muscle

A

It lies on anterior surface of Anterior scalene muscle

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19
Q

Level of entry of phrenic nerve into abdomen

A

T8

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20
Q

Opening in the diaphragm for phrenicocolic nerve

A

Caval for right
Left one is left solo

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21
Q

Relation of phrenic nerve with subclavian vessels

A

It crosses anterior to 1st part of subclavian artery and posterior to subclavian vein

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22
Q

Root of phrenic nerve

A

C345

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23
Q

Relation of phrenic nerve with internal thoracic artery

A

Nerve enters the thorax posterior to internal thoracic artery

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24
Q

Relation of right phrenic nerve with hilum of right lung

A

Nerve passing anterior to hilum

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25
Q

Drainage point of persistent left SVC in heart

A

Coronary sinus

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26
Q

Drainage site of azygos vein and point

A

Into SVC at angle of Louis

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27
Q

Point of thoracic duct crossing the midline

A

Angle of Louis

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28
Q

Reason of formation of cervical rib

A

Elongation of transverse process of 7th cervical vertebra

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29
Q

Composition of cervical rib

A

Fibrous babe

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30
Q

How can cervical rib cause hypoperfusion of hand

A

Compression of subclavian artery leading to absent of radial pulse

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31
Q

What is positive Adsons test

A

Lateral flexion of neck to the symptomatic side of traction of symptomatic arm will obliterate radial pulse die to cervical rib compression on subclavian artery

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32
Q

Approach for cervical rib surgery

A

Trans axillary

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33
Q

Location of cookies arteriosus

A

Also called infundibulum
It is a smooth walled outflow tract of the right ventricle leaving to pulmonary truck

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34
Q

The venae cordis minimae

A

They are present in all four heart chambers, but are more common in the right atrium, especially along the interatrial septum.

a number of small veins in the walls of all of the heart chambers. An alternative name is the Thebesian veins. They originate within the myocardium and pass deeply through the endocardium of the nearest chamber. Their orifices into the chambers are termed the foramina venarum minimarum.
They return venous blood and may also pass oxygenated blood to the myocardium.

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35
Q

Relation of sympathetic chain with pleura

A

Chain lies posterior to parietal pleura

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36
Q

Location of cell bodies of preganglionic efferent fibers

A

Grey matter of lateral horn of thoracolumbar spinal cord

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37
Q

Destination and origin of pro k preganglionic efferent fibers

A

Leaves from T1-L2
Pass the sympathetic chain

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38
Q

Extension of sympathetic chain

A

These like on vertebral column and run from the base of the skull to coccyx

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39
Q

Method of sympathetic denervation for treating hyperhidrosis and caution

A

Removing the second and third thoracic ganglia with their rami
Caution: removal of T1 will cause horner’s suffering

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40
Q

Site of lumber sympathetic for vascular disease of lower limb and CAUTION

A

Lumbar ganglia of L2 and below
Caution: if L1 ganglion is removed ejaculation may be compromised

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41
Q

Which is not part of oesophageal wall and importance of its absent

A

Serosa
This can make the wall hooks suture less securely

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42
Q

Ending level of oesophagus

A

T11

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43
Q

Which bronchus is related to oesophagus

A

Left principal crossing in at 27cm from incisior teeth

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44
Q

Relation of oesophagus to thoracic duct

A

Duct crosses posteriorly from right to left at T5 level

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45
Q

Nerve supply of oesophagus

A

Upper half by recurrent laryngeal
Lower half by vagal plexus

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46
Q

Safe triangle for chest drain insertion and its border

A

5th intercostal mid axillary
Border
Anterior edge of Latissimus dorsi
Lateral border of pectoralis major
Horizontal line above nipple level

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47
Q

Boundary of Triangle of auscultation

A

Lower border of trapezius above
Upper border of Latissimus dorsi below
Medial border of scapula laterally

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48
Q

Auscultation sites of heart valves

A

Mitral left 5th. Mid clavicular line
Tricuspid left 4th. Lower sternal border
Aortic right 2nd. Upper sternal border
Pulmonary left 2nd.Upper sternal border

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49
Q

What is Ivor Lewis operative for

A

Lower oesophageal carcinoma

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50
Q

Muscle related to nerve XI

A

Accessory nerve has a superficial course and it lies under platisma

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51
Q

Nucleus related to accessory nerve

A

Nucleus ambiguous
Vagal nucleus

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52
Q

Location of anastomosis between superior and inferior thyroid arteries

A

Posterior to thyroid gland

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53
Q

What is first break of external carotid artery

A

Suoerior thyroid artery

54
Q

Relation of hemiazygos vein with descending aorta

A

Vein on right side

55
Q

Diaphragmatic opening of thoracic duct

56
Q

Draining point of thoracic duct

A

Left brachiocephalic vein

57
Q

Level of aortic bifurcation

58
Q

Level of transpyloric plane

59
Q

Level of transition between pharynx and esophagus

60
Q

Level of termination of spinal cord

61
Q

Termination of dural sac

62
Q

Relation among rectus abdominis, coastal margin and transpyloric plane

A

Lateral border of rectus abdominis meets coastal margin at transpyloric plane

63
Q

Level of intercristal plane

64
Q

Level of intertubercular plane

65
Q

Level of inferior mesenteric artery

66
Q

Level of Formation of IVC

67
Q

Blood supply of trachea

A

Inferior thyroid artery

68
Q

Level of branching of brachiocephalic artery

A

Right sternoclavicular paint

69
Q

Anterior Venous relation of brachiocephalic artery

A

Left brachiocephalic vein
Right inferior thyroid vein

70
Q

Relation of manubrium with vessels

A

Left vein is posterior to manubrium at the level of its upper border
All branches of aortic arch behind it

71
Q

Prosthetic heart valves level in x-ray

A

AMT 345 (clockwise)

Aortic medial to 3rd interspace on right
Mitral medial to 4th interspace on left
Tricuspid medial to 5th interspace on right

These locations so not correspond with site of auscultation

72
Q

Relation of phrenic nerve with lung hilum

A

Nerve passes anterior to hilum

73
Q

relation of vagus nerve with bronchus

A

Nerve passing posterior to bronchus

74
Q

Location of great cardiac vein

A

Anterior interventricular groove

75
Q

Location of thebesian veins

A

Drain into heart directly

76
Q

Largest tributary of coronary sinus

A

Great cardiac vein

77
Q

Relation among AV valves, chordae tendinae, papillary muscles and ventricular wall

A

They are serially connected

78
Q

Covering of outer muscular layer of oesophagus

A

Loose connective tissue

79
Q

Location of Auerbach plexus and function

A

Between longitudinal and circular muscle layer

The Auerbach plexus is a network of neurons that controls motility in the gastrointestinal tract. It regulates peristaltic waves that move food through the digestive tract, and also controls local muscular contractions that mix and churn food.

80
Q

location of Meissner’s plexus and function

A

in the submucosal tissue

Meissner’s plexus mainly controls secretion and blood flow. Its submucosal location facilitates its sensory role

81
Q

Nerve lying medially on their gland in the groove between trachea and oesophagus

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

82
Q

Which nerve may be injured during ligation of inferior thyroid artery

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

83
Q

Which nerve may be injured during ligation of superior thyroid artery

A

External laryngeal nerve

84
Q

Attachment of isthmus of thyroid to which tracheal rings and by what

A

234
By ligament is berry

85
Q

Venous drainage of thyroid

A

Superior and middle into IJV
inferior into brachiocephalic vein

86
Q

Contents of superior mediastinum

A

SVC
Brachiocephalic veins
Arch of aorta with its branches
Thymus
Thoracic duct
Trachea
Oesophagus
Phrenic
Vagus
LEFT recurrent laryngeal

87
Q

Contents of anterior mediastinum

A

Thymic remnants
Lymph nodes
Fat

88
Q

Contents is middle mediastinum

A

Heart with aortic root
Arch of azygos vein
Right and left main bronchi

89
Q

Contents of posterior mediastinum

A

Oesophagus
Thoracic aorta
Azygos vein
Thoracic duct
Vagus
Sympathy
Splanchnic

90
Q

Vein of posterior interventricular groove

A

Middle cardiac vein

91
Q

Relation of scalene muscle with subclavian artery

A

Artery passes anterior to middle scalene muscle

92
Q

Origin of scalene muscle

A

Transverse processes of C2-7

93
Q

Innervation of scalene muscle

A

Spinal nerves C456

94
Q

Alimentary relation of IVC

A

1st &2nd part of duodenum with Head of pancreas
Liver with bile duct

95
Q

Draining point is hepatic vein into IVC

96
Q

Draining point of inferior phrenic vein into IVC

97
Q

Draining point of right gonadal vein into IVC

98
Q

Draining point of right suprarenal vein into IVC

99
Q

Vertebral level of left main bronchus

100
Q

Relation of trachea with brachiocephalic artery

A

Trachea lies posteriorly

101
Q

Occasional branch of brachiocephalic artery

A

Arteria thyroidea ima

102
Q

Muscles of pharyngeal arches

A

1 Mastication
2 Facial expression
3 Stylopharyngeus
4 Soft palate
6 Larynx

103
Q

Skeletal components of pharyngeal arches

A

1 maxilla,meckels cartilage, Malleus, incus
2 stapes, styloid process, lesser horn and upper body of hyoid
3 greater horn and lower body of hyoid
4 epiglottis, thyroid cartilage
6 cricoid,arytenoid, corniculate

104
Q

Endocrine part of pharyngeal arches

A

3 thymus, inferior parathyroids
4 superior parathyroids

105
Q

Arteries from pharyngeal arches

A

1 maxillary, external carotid
2 inferior branch of superior thyroid, stapedial
3 common carotid, internal carotid
4 from right—subclavian
from left—aortic arch
6 pulmonary, ductus arteriosus

106
Q

Nerves from pharyngeal arches

A

1 mandibular
2 facial
3 glossopharyngeal
4 vagus
6 vagus and recurrent laryngeal

107
Q

Dangerous layer of SCALP for spread of infection and why

A

A—middle layer
Loose areolar tissue
Emissary veins draining this area may allow spread of infection into CNS

108
Q

Most common site of extradural hematoma and why

A

Temporal
Due to middle meningeal artery

109
Q

Most common site of subdural hematoma

A

Frontal
Parietal

110
Q

Rate of onset of symptom in extradural hematoma

111
Q

Rate of onset of symptom in subdural hematoma

112
Q

Most common cause of subarachnoid hematoma

A

Spontaneous due to rupture of cerebral aneurysm

113
Q

Causes of secondary brain injury

A

Oedema
Ischemia
Infection
Tonsillar herniation
Tentorial herniation

114
Q

Components of Cushing reflex

A

Hypertension
Bradycardia

115
Q

Effect on serum sodium of SIADH

A

Hyponatremia

116
Q

Minimum CPP of adult

117
Q

Minimum CPP of children

118
Q

Structures of right atrium

A

Pectineus muscle
Crista terminals
Opening of coronary sinus
Fossa ovalis

119
Q

Location of trabeculae carnae

A

Right ventricle

120
Q

Inner lining of oesophagus

A

Non kerstinised stratified squamous epithelium

121
Q

Termination of dural sac

A

Sac of dura
S 2

122
Q

Which structure is routinely divided to mobilize oesophagus during Ivor Lewis procedure

A

Azygos vein

123
Q

Which structure is routinely divided during sternotomy

A

Interclavicular ligament

124
Q

Point in safe triangle for chest drain insertion

A

Mid axillary line at 5th intercostal space

125
Q

Other name of Conus arteriosus and its location

A

Infundibulum
Part of right ventricle

126
Q

Location of musculi prctinati, their predominant location and developmental origin

A

Atrium
Greatest proportion in right atrium
They are derived from embryological true atrium

127
Q

Which nerve passes posterior to medial aspect of first rib

128
Q

Embryology origin of pancreas

A

Ventral and dorsal endodermal outgrowth of duodenum

129
Q

Mnemonic for branches of external carotid artery

A

Some-superior thyroid
Attendings-ascending pharyngeal
Like -lingual
Freaking -facial
Out -occipital
Potential -posterior auricular
Medical-maxillary
Students -superior temporal

130
Q

Relation is external carotid with muscles in neck

A

Posterior to posterior belly of digastric , stylohyoid and sternocleidomastoid inferiorly

131
Q

Nervous relation of external carotid artery

A

Passed by hypoglossal, lingual and facial

MTM (12 decks)

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