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Anatomy(Lower Limb) Flashcards

1
Q

Blood supply of sciatic nerve

A

Inferior gluteal artery

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2
Q

Along with foot drop sciatic nerve injury may cause what motor defect

A

Weak knee flexion
(Can be done with sartorius and gracilis)

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3
Q

Nerve of long and short head of biceps femoris

A

Long-tibial
Short -common Peroneal

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4
Q

Which nerve emerges from the medial border of psoas

A

Obturator L234

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5
Q

Nerve of adductor magnus

A

Obturator nerve
(Not the lower part-sciatic nerve)

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6
Q

Palpation of common Peroneal nerve

A

POSTERIOR to head of fibula

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7
Q

Location of terminal branching of common Peroneal nerve

A

Neck of fibula

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8
Q

Nerve supply of sartorius

A

Superficial (anterior) branch of femoral nerve

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9
Q

Longest strap muscle of body

A

Sartorius

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10
Q

In which canal lies nerve to vastus medialis

A

Adductor canal

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11
Q

Insertion of psoas major

A

Lesser trochanter

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12
Q

Nerve most prone to injure during TURP

A

Obturator

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13
Q

Nerve most prone to injure during TURP

A

Obturator

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14
Q

Location of obturator nerve in lesser pelvis

A

Lateral to internal iliac vessels and ureter

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15
Q

Cutaneous supply of obturator nerve

A

Distal 2/3 of medial thigh

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16
Q

Contents of popleteal fossa

A

From medial to lateral
Popleteal Artery
Popleteal vein
Tibial nerve
Commonly Peroneal nerve

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17
Q

Origin of superior Gluteal artery

A

Posteriorly trunk of
Internal iliac artery

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18
Q

Origin of inferior gluteal artery

A

Anterior trunk of internal iliac artery

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19
Q

Nerve to tensor fascia lata

A

Superior gluteal L45S1

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20
Q

What is Trendelenburg Sign and cause

A

Injury to the superior gluteal nerve

Trendelenburg Sign is described as a dipping of the pelvis toward the contralateral side. Because the lesioned abductors cannot maintain the pelvis in a level plane, the patient “falls” toward the good side and simultaneously leans the torso toward the lesioned side to maintain balance.

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21
Q

Location of base of metatarsal

A

Proximal expansion

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22
Q

Nerve supply of intrinsic muscles of foot

A

Apart from extensor digitorum brevis and first 2 dorsal interossei
All are supplied by branches of TIBIAL nerve

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23
Q

Terminal branches of TIBIAL nerve

A

Medial and lateral planter nerve

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24
Q

Nerve of extensor digitorum brevis of foot

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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25
Q

Nerve to first 2 dorsal interossei of foot

A

Deep peroneal

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26
Q

Muscles in dorsal layer of foot

A

Only one
Extensor digitorum brevis

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27
Q

Origin and insertion of extensor digitorum brevis with their number

A

Origin - superolaterally on calcaneus
Insertion- first one on base of proximal phalanx
Other 3 on lateral side of TENDONS of extensor digitorum longus

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28
Q

Function and innervation of extensor digitorum brevis of foot

A

Extension of MTP joint
Innervated by deep peroneal nerve

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29
Q

Layers of planter group of intrinsic muscles of foot

A

4 layers

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30
Q

Muscles of first planter muscle groups

A

3
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi

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31
Q

Origin,insertion, function & innervation of flexor digitorum brevis

A

Origin -medial process of calcaneum
Insertion- on sides of middle phalanx of lateral 4 digits
Function-flexion of PIP joint
Innervation- medial plantar nerve

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32
Q

Origin,insertion, function & innervation of abductor hallucis

A

Origin-Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion- Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Function- abductor and flexion of MTP joint
Innervation- medial plantar nerve,

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33
Q

Origin,insertion, function & innervation of abductor digiti minimi

A

Origin -lateral and medial(by extending) tuberosity of calcaneus
Insertion- Lateral to hear of proximal phalanx of little toe
Function - abduction of little toe
Innervation- lateral planter nerve

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34
Q

Origin,insertion, function & innervation of quadratus panatae

A

Origin- 2 heads from medial and lateral Calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion -lateral side on tendon of flexor digitorum longus
Function - helps FDL tendons
Innervation -lateral planter nerve

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35
Q

Origin,insertion, function & innervation of lumbricals of foot

A

Origin-1st one is unipenete other 3 are bipenete arising from tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Insertion - extensor hood of lateral 4 digits
Function- flexion of MTP joints extension of IP joints
Innervation - 1st one by medial and other 3 by lateral planter nerve

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36
Q

Muscles in 2nd layer of planter muscle

A

2 muscles
Quadratus plantae
4 lumbricals

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37
Q

Muscles of 3rd layer of planter muscle

A

3 muscles (associated with little toe and big toe)
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis

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38
Q

Origin,insertion, function & innervation of flexor hallucis brevis

A

Lies deep to tendon of flexor hallucis longus
It has two origins and two insertions
Origin -one from cuboid another from tendon of tibialis posterior
Insertion - metal and lateral sides of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Function-flexion MTP joint of big toe
Innervation -medial plantar nerve

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39
Q

Origin,insertion, function & innervation of flexor hallucis

A

Has 2 heads- transverse and oblique
Origin- transverse from deep transverse metatarsal ligament and planter ligaments of lateral 3 toes
Origin of oblique head from bases of 234 metatarsals and from tendon of peroneus Longus
Insertion - base of proximal phalanx of big toe
Function- adduction of great toe at MTP joint
Innervation -lateral plantar nerve

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40
Q

Origin,insertion, function & innervation of flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Smallest flexor of smallest toe
Origin -base of fifth metatarsal and tendon of peroneus Longus
Insertion - laterally on base of proximal phalanx of little toe
Function -flexion of little toe at MTP joint
Innervation - lateral plantar nerve

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41
Q

Groove on undersurface of cuboid bone for what

A

Tendon of peroneus Longus

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42
Q

Muscles in 4th layer of planter

A

Interosseous
3 palmar unipenete PAD
4 dorsal bipenete DAB

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43
Q

Origin,insertion, function & innervation of palmar interossei of foot

A

Originated from the same metatarsal of the acting toe
Origin- medial side of base of 345 metatarsals
Insertion- medial side ot base of proximal phalanx of 345 toes and also on the extensor expansion of these digits
Function- adduction of 345 toes
Innervation - lateral planter nerves

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44
Q

Origin,insertion, function & innervation of dorsal interossei of foot

A

They act on 234 toes
Origin -base of metatarsals of all intermetatarsal spaces
Insertion - 1st one on medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe
2nd,3rd, 4th ones on lateral side of bases of proximal phalanx of 234 toes respectively
Function - abduction of 3rd 4th toes away from 2nd toe and 2nd toe can be abducted on either sides because of first two dorsal interossei
Innervation - first two by deep peroneal nerve, other two by lateral plantar nerve.

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45
Q

Relation of medial plantar artery and nerve

A

Artery passes forward medical to nerve
I’m a space between adductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis
The Artery ends by uniting with 1st plantar metatarsal artery

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46
Q

Relation of lateral plantar artery and nerve

A

Artery lies lateral to nerve

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47
Q

Continuation of dorsalis pedis artery

A

As 1st dorsal metatarsal artery

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48
Q

What muscle crosses the dorsalis pedis srtery

A

Extensor hallucis brevis

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49
Q

Extracapsular ligaments of hip joint

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

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50
Q

Structures passing through greater and lesser sciatic foramina

A

Medial to lateral
PIN
pudendal nerve
internal pudendal artery
nerve to obturator internus

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51
Q

Passage of pudendal nerve after origin

A

Between Piriformis and coccygeus muscles

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52
Q

Counterpart of dorsal nerve of penis in female and origin

A

From pudendal nerve
Dorsal nerve it clitoris

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53
Q

Nerves passing through greater sciatic foramen

A

Sciatic
Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal
Pudendal
Posterior femoral cutaneous
To obturator internus
To quadratus femoris

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54
Q

Vessels passing through greater sciatic foramen

A

Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal
Internal pudendal

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55
Q

Which muscle divides greater sciatic foremen

A

Piriformis

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56
Q

Contents if lesser sciatic foramen

A

Pudendal nerve
Internal pudendal artery
Nerve to obturator internus
Tendon of obturator internus

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57
Q

Tributaries of great saphenous vein

A

Superficial epigastric
Superficial circumflex iliac
Superficial external pudendal
Medial marginal

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58
Q

Termination of small saphenous vein

A

Passes between heads of gastrocnemius and approximately at or above the level of the knee joint drains into the popleteal vein

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59
Q

sensory nerve on posterior thigh

A

PFCN+SCIATIC

The PFCN originates from the sacral plexus and its nerve roots are the first, second, and third sacral (S) nerve roots. The S2 nerve root is the main one.

The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN) is the sensory nerve that provides sensation to the skin of the back of the thigh. It’s also known as the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh or the lesser sciatic nerve.

The PFCN’s sensory innervation includes:
The back of the thigh, including the popliteal fossa
The lower half of the buttock
The posterior part of the scrotum or labium majus
A variable area of the posterior calf

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60
Q

Nerve for knee extension

A

Femoral
Obturator

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61
Q

Location of origin of tibial and common peroneal nerve

A

Halfway down the posterior thigh
Or
Upper part of piolets fossa

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62
Q

Articular branch of sciatic nerve to which joint

A

Hip joint

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63
Q

Cuteneous supply of gluteal region

A

Sciatic

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64
Q

Other name of Trendelenburg gait and cause

A

Waddling gait
Caused by injury to superior Gluteal nerve

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65
Q

What does absent of foot drop with hip drop indicate

A

No polio
Or
No L5 radiculopathy

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66
Q

Difference of insertion of gluteus medius and minimus

A

Medius to lateral greater trochanter
Minimus to anterior greater trochanter

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67
Q

Injured superior gluteal nerve

A

Damage to superior Gluteal nerve will result in the patient developing as Trendelenburg gait. Affected patients are unable to abduct the thigh at hip joint. During the stance phase, the weakened abductor muscles allowe the pelvis to tilt down on the opposite side. To compensate, the truck lurches to the weakened side to attempt to maintain a leveled pelvis throughout the gait cycle. The pelvis sags on the opposite side of the lesioned superior gluteal nerve.

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68
Q

What part of iliopsoas lies behind the femoral nerve in Femoral triangle

A

Iliacus

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69
Q

Sheath anterior to iliacus and pectineus muscle

A

Femoral sheath

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70
Q

Thigh muscles supplied by femoral nerve

A

Quadriceps femoris
Sartorius
Pectineus

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71
Q

Muscle penetrated by femoral nerve

A

Psoas major

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72
Q

Insertion of iliofemoral ligament

A

Intertrochanteric line

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73
Q

Origin of iliofemoral ligament

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine

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74
Q

Insertion of pubofemoral ligament

A

Lesser trochanter

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75
Q

Insertion of ischiofemoral ligament

A

Greater trochanter

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76
Q

Blood supply of hip joint

A

Anterior and posterior circumflex femoral arteries from profunda femoris artery
Inferior gluteal artery

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77
Q

Root of lateral cuteneous nerve of thigh

A

L23

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78
Q

Relation of tibial nerve to posterior tibial artery

A

Nerve lies medial to artery for about 2.5 cm from its origin
Then nerve crosses artery posteriorly to lie on lateral side for the rest of their course

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79
Q

Origin of posterior tibial artery

A

Largest terminal branch of popliteal artery

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80
Q

Termination of posterior tibial artery

A

By dividing into medial and lateral plantar arteries

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81
Q

Accompanied vein of posterior tibial artery

A

Posterior tibial vein &
Peroneal vein

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82
Q

Muscles deep to posterior tibial artery

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus

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83
Q

Superficial muscles to posterior tibial artery

A

Gastrocnemius and soleus

84
Q

Muscles attached to greater trochanter

A

POGO

85
Q

Location of quadrate tubercle

A

On intertrochanteric crest

86
Q

Structure along medial border of tendon of biceps femoris in popliteal fossa

A

Common Peroneal nerve

87
Q

Deepest structure of popliteal fossa

A

Popleteal artery

88
Q

Relation of tibial nerve to popleteal vessels

A

Nerve lies lateral to vessels in fossa

89
Q

Relation of tibial nerve to popliteal vessels

A

Nerve lies lateral to vessels in fossa then nerve passes posteriorly to lie medial to popleteal artery
In lower part it crosses posterior tibial artery posteriorly to lie laterally

90
Q

Location of genicular branch of obturator nerve

A

Popliteal fossa

91
Q

Root of Femoral nerve

A

L234

92
Q

Structures passing behind medial malleolus

A

In order from anterior to posterior-
Tibialis posterior tendon
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Posterior tibial vein >(popleteal)
Posterior tibial artery
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus tendon

93
Q

Formation of popliteal vein

A

Union of anterior and posterior tibial veins at the bottom of the popliteus muscle.

94
Q

Floor of femoral triangle

A

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Adductor Longus

95
Q

Floor of femoral triangle

A

Pectineus
Iliopsoas
Adductor Longus

96
Q

Function of Peroneus Longus

A

Eversion at SUBTALAR joint
Assist in plantar flexion

97
Q

Function of peroneus brevis

A

Plantar flexion

98
Q

Function of gastrocnemius

A

Plantar flexion
May also flex the knee

99
Q

Function of ribosomes posterior

A

Plantar flexion
Inversion of SUBTALAR joint

100
Q

Cuteneous supply of lateral plantar

A

Sural

101
Q

Most common site of avulsion of biceps femoris during explosive bending of knee

A

At attachment of long head to ischial tuberosity

102
Q

Actually of biceps femoris

A

Knee flexion
Lateral rotation of tibia
Hip extension

103
Q

Nerve supply of biceps femoris

A

Long head by tibial division of sciatic
Short head by Common Peroneal
Both are L5S12

104
Q

Blood supply of biceps femoris

A

Both heads—
Profundus femoris
Inferior gluteal
Superior muscular branch of popliteal artery

105
Q

Origin of short head of biceps femoris

A

Lateral lip of linea aspera
Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur

106
Q

Sciatic nerve lies deep to following structures

A

Gluteus maximus
Long head of biceps femoris
Branch of inferior gluteal artery
Femoral cutaneous nerve

107
Q

Muscle of foot not supplied by tibial nerve and what supplies it

A

Extensor digitorum brevis
Supplied by deep peroneal nerve

108
Q

Which type of hernia has the highest risk of strangulation

A

Femoral

109
Q

Anterior border of femoral canal

A

Inguinal ligament

110
Q

Site of Femoral hernia

A

Femoral canal

111
Q

Rami of sciatic nerve

A

Ventral Rami of L45S123

112
Q

Nerve supply of adductor Magnus

A

Upper part obturator
Lower part sciatic

113
Q

Cutaneous supply of sciatica nerve

A

Gluteal region
Posterior thigh
Entire lower limb except medial aspect which is supplied by saphenous nerve(from femoral)

114
Q

Structures posterior to lateral malleolus and SUPERFICIAL to superior peroneal retinaculum

A

Sural nerve
Short saphenous vein

115
Q

Structures posterior to lateral malleolus and DEEP to superior peroneal retinaculum

A

Peroneus Longus
Peroneus brevis

116
Q

Attachment of calcaneofibular ligament

A

To lateral malleolus

117
Q

Veins associated with dorsalis pedis artery

A

dorsalis pedis veins
These are the venae comitantes of the dorsalis pedis artery, and there are usually two veins around the artery. The dorsalis pedis veins are connected to the superficial venous system and drain the deep structures of the foot.

dorsalis pedis veins are connected to the great saphenous vein and the small saphenous vein by the anteromedial and anterolateral malleolar veins, respectively. The dorsalis pedis veins continue proximally as the anterior tibial veins.

118
Q

Relation of extensor retinaculum with dorsalis pedis artery

A

Artery passes deep to inferior extensor retinaculum

119
Q

Summit of longitudinal arch of foot with its location

A

Head of talus
located between sustentaculum Tali and navicular bone

120
Q

Location of transverse arch of foot

A

Bases of metatarsals

121
Q

Origin of adductor Longus

A

Anterior body of pubis

122
Q

Insertion of adductor Longus

A

Middle third of linea aspera

123
Q

Which vein crosses anatomical snuff box

A

Cephalic vein

124
Q

Nerve to sartorius

A

SUPERFICIAL division of the femoral nerve provides motor innervation to the sartorius muscle.

125
Q

Branches of Femoral nerve

A

Superficial
Deep

126
Q

Site of branching of femoral nerve

A

The femoral nerve splits into superficial and deep divisions after passing under the inguinal ligament.

127
Q

Coverages of deep femoral nerve

A

The deep division of the femoral nerve provides motor branches to the quadriceps muscles.

128
Q

difference between superficial femoral nerve and saphenous nerve

A

The saphenous nerve and the superficial femoral nerve are both nerves in the leg, but they have different functions and locations:

Location
The saphenous nerve is located deep within the leg, while the superficial femoral nerve branches off near the pubic bone.

Function
The saphenous nerve provides sensation to the lower knee, calf, ankle, and foot arch, while the superficial femoral nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles that extend the knee and flex the hip.

Branches
The saphenous nerve is the terminal branch of the femoral nerve, while the superficial femoral nerve branches into the anterior (superficial) femoral nerve and the posterior (deep) femoral nerve.

129
Q

Importance of SAPHENOUS nerve

A

The saphenous nerve can be blocked to relieve pain or numb the area before a procedure. Damage to the saphenous nerve can occur during procedures that strip the saphenous vein, which can lead to pain, loss of sensation, or paraesthesia.

130
Q

Ending of Femoral nerve

A

The femoral nerve ends as the saphenous nerve in the leg’s gaiter region.

131
Q

Mode of injury of Femoral nerve and manifestation

A

The femoral nerve can be injured by a number of things, including stab wounds, pelvic fractures, and hip replacements.

Symptoms of femoral nerve injury include motor loss, sensory impairment, and an inability to extend the knee.

132
Q

Serial of PES ANSERINUS

A

From anterior to posterior
Sa G Se

133
Q

Function of sartorius of right side

A

Placing right heel on left knee while sitting on a chair
Or
Slight abduction and lateral rotation of thigh

134
Q

Nerves in adductor canal

A

Saphenous nerve
Nerve to vastus medialis

135
Q

Termination of superficial peroneal nerve

A

By branching into —
Intermediate dorsal cuteneous nerve
Medial dorsal cuteneous nerve

136
Q

What structure separates posterior cruciate ligament from popliteal artery

A

Oblique popliteal ligament

137
Q

Name of joint between patella and femur

A

Sellar joint /saddle joint

138
Q

Largest joint in our body

A

Knee

139
Q

Which joint is most complicated

A

Knee

140
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament

A

Anterior tibia to LATERAL intercondylar notch of femur

141
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament

A

Posterior tibia to MEDIAL intercondylar notch of femur

142
Q

Relation of meniscus and collateral ligament of knee

A

Medial meniscus is attached to tibial collateral ligament
But lateral meniscus id attached to loose fibres at lateral edge of joint and is separated from fibular collateral ligament

143
Q

Function of medial and lateral collateral ligaments

A

Medial for valgus stability
Lateral for varus stability

144
Q

Formation of muscular compartments of thigh

A

Formed by septae passing from the femur to the fascia lata

145
Q

Formation of muscular compartments of leg

A

Formed by
Interosseous membrane
Anterior fascial septum
Posterior fascial septum

146
Q

Muscles of superficial posterior compartment of leg

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

147
Q

Muscles of deep posterior compartment of leg

A

Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

148
Q

Root of deep peroneal nerve

A

L45S12

149
Q

Termination of deep peroneal nerve

A

After bifurcation past ankle joint —
Lateral branch innervates EDB,EHB
Medial branch innervates 1st web space

150
Q

hardinge style of hip surgery

A

The Hardinge approach is a surgical technique for accessing the hip joint during total hip replacement:

Patient positioning: The patient lies on their side with a sterile drape folded into a “saddle bag” shape.

Incision: A 6 cm incision is made on the anterolateral side of the thigh.

Muscle movement: The muscles below the skin are moved aside without cutting them.

Dissection: The tensor fasciae latae is split in line with the femur, and the most anterior fibers of the medius are split.

The Hardinge approach has several benefits, including:
Improved function
Pain relief
Good visualization of the acetabulum
Optimal cup positioning
Excellent stability of the total hip joint
Less post-operative abductor weakness
Faster patient rehabilitation

The Hardinge approach is more difficult than the posterior approach, but it can reduce the incidence of dislocation.

151
Q

Most posterior structure at the Medial malleolus

A

Flexor hallucis longus tendon

152
Q

Ligaments of ankle joint

A

Deltoid (medially)
Lateral collateral
Talofibular (anteriorly & posteriorly)

153
Q

Is calcaneofibular ligament a part of ligaments of ankle joint

A

No
This ligament is separate from the fibrous capsule of the joint.the two talofibular ligaments are fused with it.

154
Q

Components of syndesmosis of tibia and fibula

A

Anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament
Posteroinferior tibiofibular ligament
Inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament
Interosseous ligament

155
Q

Movements of ankle joint

A

Plantar flexion 55°
Dorsiflexion 35°
Inversion & eversion at subtalar joint

156
Q

Innervation of ankle joint

A

TIBIAL
Deep Peroneal

157
Q

Innervation of long head of biceps femoris and root

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve
L5S12

158
Q

Blood supply of biceps femoris

A

Inferior gluteal
Profunda femoris
Superior muscular branch of popliteal

159
Q

Division of common Peroneal nerve at which side of neck of fibula

A

Lateral side

160
Q

Which division of sacral plexus gives rise to common Peroneal nerve

A

Dorsal division of L45S12

161
Q

Where common Peroneal nerve is palpable

A

Behind head of fibula

162
Q

Muscle in thigh supplied by Common Peroneal nerve

A

Short head of biceps femoris

163
Q

Origin of lateral cuteneous nerve of calf

A

In popliteal fossa from common Peroneal nerve

164
Q

Compartments of popliteus and plantaris

A

Popliteus deep posterior
Plantaris superficial posterior

165
Q

Which artery lies deep to saphenofemoral junction prone to be injured in Trendelenburg procedure for varicose vein

A

Deep external PUDENDAL artery

166
Q

Origin of great SAPHENOUS vein

A

At the first digit where the dorsal vein merges with dial venous arch of foot

167
Q

Origin of Psoas major

A

Deep part from transverse processes of cover lumber vertebrae
Superficial part from T12 & first 4 lumbar vertebrae

168
Q

Innervation of psoas major

A

Anterior Rami of L123

169
Q

Muscle raising trunk from spine position other than rectus abdominis

A

Bilateral contraction of Psoas major

170
Q

Symptom of PES ANSERINUS bursitis

A

Pain and swelling on medial aspect of knee joint while climbing up stairs but not while walking on flay ground

171
Q

The McMurray test

A

The McMurray test is a series of knee movements that helps a healthcare provider diagnose a torn meniscus in the knee. It’s often part of an initial exam for patients with knee pain or after an injury.

Here’s how the test is performed:

The provider bends the patient’s knee

The provider straightens and rotates the knee

The provider applies valgus stress while rotating the tibia internally and externally

The test is considered positive if the provider hears or feels a click or thud when the knee is bent beyond 90 degrees. A negative result means the provider didn’t hear or feel anything

172
Q

What is the test to slide medial meniscus injury

A

McMurray test

173
Q

Cause of pes anserinus bursitis

A

Overuse injury

174
Q

Relation of TIBIAL nerve with popliteal artery and posterior tibial artery

A

TIBIAL nerve lies medial to popliteal artery and lateral to posterior tibial artery

175
Q

Origin of deep circumflex iliac artery

A

Arises above inguinal ligament

176
Q

Origin of superficial circumflex iliac artery

A

Arises below inguinal ligament

177
Q

Floor of femoral triangle

A

Iliotibial
Pectineus
Adductors longus

178
Q

Nerves encountered in femoral triangle

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
Lateral cuteneous nerve of thigh

179
Q

Most muscles of foot are innervated by which nerve

A

TIBIAL
Except EDB & EHB

180
Q

Relation of synovial cavity with patella

A

Posterior surface is patella in intrasynovial

181
Q

Exit of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A

Greater sciatic foramen

182
Q

Origin of anterior tibial artery

A

Begins opposite the DISTAL border of popliteus muscle
Then the ATA passes through an oval opening in the interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibula.
Then ATA travels between Tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles
ATA becomes the dorsalis pedis artery in the foot.

183
Q

relation of popliteal artery with political muscle

A

Artery is superficial to muscle

184
Q

Femoral stretch test

A

The prone knee bending test is a neural tension test used to stress the femoral nerve and the mid lumbar (L2-L4) nerve roots.

185
Q

Features of L3 nerve root compression

A

Sensory loss over after thigh/knee
Weak quadriceps
Reduced knee reflex
Positive femoral stretch test

186
Q

Features of L5 nerve root compression

A

Sensory loss over dorsum of foot
Weakness in foot and big toe dorsiflexion
Reflex intact
Positive sciatic nerve stretch test

187
Q

Features of S1 nerve root compression

A

Sensory loss posterolateral aspect of leg and lateral aspect of foot
Weakness in plantar flexion of foot
Reduced able reflex
Positive sciatic nerve stretch test

188
Q

Origin of ilioinguinal nerve

A

From first lumbar ventral ramus with iliohypogastric

189
Q

Muscles related to ilioinguinal nerve

A

After origin from L1 it passes through substance of Psoas major and over the anterior surface of quadrate lumborum. It pierces internal oblique muscle she passes deep to aponeurosis of external oblique muscle. It enters the inguinal canal and passes through superficial inguinal ring

190
Q

Innervation of ilioinguinal nerve

A

Muscles through which it passes
Skin & fascia over pubic symphysis
Superomedial femoral triangle
Scrotal surface
Surface of dorsum of penis
Labia majora

191
Q

Artery at risk near saphenofemoral junction

A

Deep external pudendal artery
It is of lesser importance so if injured, better ligated

192
Q

Relation of peroneus Tertius with malleolus

A

Passes anterior to lateral malleolus

193
Q

Lateral rotators of hip

A

P-GO-GO-Q

194
Q

Features of LMN lesion

A

Flaccid paralysis
Atrophy
Lost reflexes
Fasciculations

195
Q

Relation of LMN lesion with spinal cord level

A

For lesion below L1 LMN signs will occur

196
Q

Which structure attaches periosteum to bone

A

Sharpey’s fibres

197
Q

Relation of medial femoral circumflex artery with quadratus femoris

A

Artery rings deep to muscle

198
Q

Root of nerve to extensor hallucis longus

A

L5

199
Q

Knee dermatome

A

L3

200
Q

Nerves tried to knee joint

A

Infrapatellar branch of SAPHENOUS nerve, lateral cuteneous nerve of thigh, anterior cuteneous nerve of thigh (both lateral and medial branches)

201
Q

Treatment of pudendal nerve injury

A

Sacral neuro modulation

202
Q

Feature of injury to hypogastric autonomic plexus

A

Constipation

203
Q

Features of thoracic cord lesion

A

Spastic paraparesis
Hyperreflexia
Extensor plantar response(UMN)
incontinence
Sensory ataxia (lost below lesion)
—these features typically manifest several weeks later, once spinal shock (in which areflexia predominates) has resolved.

204
Q

Structure posterior to femoral nerve in femoral triangle

A

Iliacus muscle

205
Q

Most superficial structure of popliteal fossa

A

Tibial nerve

206
Q

Origin of superior and inferior gluteal arteries

A

S- posterior trunk of internal iliac artery
I- anterior trunk of internal iliac artery

MTM (12 decks)

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