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MTM > Anatomy (Abdomen,Pelvis & Perineum) > Flashcards

Anatomy (Abdomen,Pelvis & Perineum) Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior rectus sheath above costal margin

A

Devoid of internal oblique aponurosis

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2
Q

Beginning of veins of testes

A

At septa

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3
Q

Formation of pampiniform plexus

A

Veins from
Septa and Tunica vasculosa

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4
Q

Drainage of pampiniform plexus

A

Into testicular vein

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5
Q

Covering of spermatic cord

A

External
Cremasteric
Internal spermatic fascia

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6
Q

Supply of testicular artery other than testes

A

Epididymis

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7
Q

Origin of Artery to vas

A

Inferior vesical artery

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8
Q

Origin of cremasteric artery

A

Inferior epigastric

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9
Q

Relation of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers of testes

A

Sympathetic with artery
Parasympathetic with vas

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10
Q

Innervation of genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

A

Cremaster

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11
Q

Drainage site of lymphatics in the spermatic cord

A

Lumbar
Para aortic

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12
Q

Innermost layer of scrotum

A

Parietal later of tunica vaginalis

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13
Q

Blood supply is scrotum

A

The scrotum receives blood from the anterior and posterior scrotal arteries, which branch off from the internal and external pudendal arteries, respectively:
Anterior scrotal artery
A branch of the deep external pudendal artery, which comes from the external iliac artery
Posterior scrotal artery
A branch of the internal pudendal artery, which comes from the internal iliac artery

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14
Q

Origin and supply of internal spermatic artery

A

The testicular artery, also known as the internal spermatic artery, is the main source of blood for the testes. It usually originates from the abdominal aorta, BELOW the renal arteries, and at the level of the SECOND lumbar vertebra.

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15
Q

Location of tunica vaginalis

A

Testes are surrounded by it.
It is a closed peritoneal sac. The PARIETAL later of of tunica vaginalis is adjacent to the INTERNAL spermatic fascia.

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16
Q

Insertion of ureter

A

Upper and lateral aspect of Base
Internally called Trigone

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17
Q

What is happened to ureter after crossing bony pelvis

A

Wall muscular coat becomes 3 layers

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18
Q

Relation of transverse processes with ureter

A

Tip of L2-L5
—

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19
Q

Blood supply of ureter

A

Abdominal aorta
Renal artery
Gonadal artery
Common iliac artery
Internal iliac artery

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20
Q

What is gubernaculum

A

A ridge of mesenchymal tissue that connects the testes to inferior aspect of scrotum

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21
Q

Mechanism of descent of testes

A

During foetal growth the body grows relative to gubernaculum

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22
Q

Initial level of testes

A

L2

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23
Q

Age of testes at iliac fossa

A

3rd intrauterine month

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24
Q

Age of testes at deep inguinal ring

A

7th intrauterine month

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25
Q

Cause of cyst in spermatic cord

A

Part closure of processus vaginalis
—

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26
Q

Main structural support of uterus

A

Central perineal tendon

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27
Q

Origin of uterine artery

A

Internal iliac

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28
Q

Utero additional support derived from endopelvic fascia

A

Lateral cervical
Round
Uterosacral ligaments

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29
Q

Offline

A

*Lymphatic drainage of male urethra
Prostatic & membranous into internal iliac
Spongy with glans into deep inguinal

*Abnormality of which bladder part may lead to stress incontinence
Weakness of bladder neck cause this part is subjected to raised intra abdominal pressure

*Location of external sphincter of female urethra
Between layers of urogenital diaphragm

*Innervation of preprostatic urethra
Sympathetic noradrenergic

*Muscular layer of preprostatic urethra
Skeletal

*Importance of preprostatic urethra
Prevents retrograde ejaculation & has sterile lumen

*Narrowest part of male urethra
Membranous

*Which part of male urethra has external sphincter
Membranous

*Longest part of male urethra
Penile

*Name of dilations of penile urethra
At origin infundibular fossa
At termination navicular fossa

*Opening of bulbs glands
Into membranous part 2.5cm below perineal membrane

*Nature of urethral urothelium
Transitional near bladder and squamous distally

*First site of urethral resistance during catheter insertion and reason
Membranous because surrounded by external sphincter

*Relation of urethra with pubic symphysis
Membranous part traverses perineal membrane 2.5cm posteroinferior to pubic dumpy

*What forms the lateral edge of superficial inguinal ring
External oblique aponurosis

*Relation of rectus abdominis to superficial inguinal ring
Posteromedially

*Relation of pubic tubercle with superficial inguinal ring
Ring is anterior to tubercle

*Points needed to locate deep inguinal ring
ASIS & pubic tubercle

*Contribute of lacunar ligament to inguinal canal
Floor

*Passages of left Phrenic nerve through diaphragm
Muscular part anterior to central tendon

*Origin and Posterior relation of abdominal aorta
Origin T12
Posterior relation L1-4
—

*Which mesenteric vein is related to abdominal aorta
IMV anteriorly

*Relation between abdominal aorta and cisterna chyli
Right lateral to aorta

*Relation of sympathetic trunk to ABDOMINAL aorta
Left one

*Blood supply of bile duct
Hepatic
Retrodudenal part(as CBD itself is a retroduodenal structure)of gastroduodenal

*Resultant of bile duct after injury to hepatis artery
Stricture

*Gall bladder lining
Columnar

*Which part of duodenum lies posterior to gall bladder
1st

*Between which lobes does gall bladder lie
Right and quadrate

*Nerve supply of gall bladder
Sympathetic-mid thoracic spinal nerves
Parasympathetic-anterior vagal

*Origin of CBD
cystic and CHD

*Posterior relation of CBD
Proximally portal vein
Distally right renal vein

*Another name of Calot’s triangle
Hepatobiliary triangle

*What marks externally the transition between sigmoid colon and rectum
Disappearance of tinea coli

*Indication of total mesorectum excision
Rectal carcinoma

*Anorectal lymphatic drainage
Above dentate mesorectal nodes
Below dentate inguinal

*Longitudinal muscle of appendix is derived from
Caecal taenia coli

*Site to insert needle into femoral artery
1-2cm BELOW midinguinal point
Midinguinal is mid of ASIS & symphySIS

*For of femoral triangle
Iliopsoas, adductor longus, pectineus

*Nervous content of femoral triangle
Femoral
Femoral branch of genitofemoral
Lateral cuteneous

*Does 11&12 ribs give origin to ex.oblique?
It says lower 8 ribs
But nerves from lower 6 thoracic

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30
Q

Beach of abdominal aorta at level of left renal vein

A

SMA

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31
Q

Branch of abdominal aorta at T12

A

Inferior Phrenic
Coeliac

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32
Q

Abdominal aortic branch at L1

A

Superior mesenteric
Middle suprarenal

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33
Q

Level is transpyloric plane

A

BODY of L1

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34
Q

Comparison of hilums of kidneys

A

Right one is 1.5cm lower

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35
Q

Level of spleen

A

Transpyloric

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36
Q

Relation of PUDENDAL canal with obturator internus

A

Canal lies along inferior border of muscle

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37
Q

Fossa for pudendal canal

A

Ischioanal

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38
Q

Extension of PUDENDAL canal

A

From lesser sciatic foramen to posterior margin of urogenital diaphragm

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39
Q

Lymphatic drainage of ureter

A

Upper para aortic
Lower common iliac

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40
Q

Hepatic relation to Coeliac axis

A

Caudate lobe on right side

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41
Q

Gastric relation with Coeliac axis

A

Cardia on left side

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42
Q

Why mesenteric adenitis may mimic appendicitis

A

Appendix is mainly lymphoid tissue

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43
Q

How does gastroduodenal artery supply head of pancreas

A

By anterior and posterior—
superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

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44
Q

Nerve for cremasteric reflex

A

Genital of genitofemoral-within cord
Ilioinguinal-along cord

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45
Q

Another name of PERINEAL MEMBRANE

A

Inferior fascia is urogenital diaphragm

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46
Q

What is in the urogenital diaphragm?

A

sphincter urethrae and deep transverse perinei with perineal membrane together are known as the urogenital diaphragm.

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47
Q

Boundary of deep perineal pouch

A

Superior and inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm

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48
Q

Contents of deep perineal pouch

A

Transverse perineal muscle
Muscular branches of perineal nerve
Urethral sphincter
Urethral artery
Deep ava dorsal arteries of penis
Stem of origin of artery to the bulb of penis

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49
Q

Proximal communication of IMA and via what artery

A

Middle colic via marginal

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50
Q

Part of pancreas at transpyloric plane

A

Neck

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51
Q

Identifying point of transpyloric plane

A

Meeting point of lateral border of rectus abdominis with costal margin

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52
Q

Lowest border of 10th costal cartilage defines what

A

Subcostal plane

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53
Q

Level of L4 body defines which plane

A

Intercristal plane

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54
Q

At which vertebral level the highest point of iliac crest is

A

Body of L4

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55
Q

Vertebral level of intertubercular plane

A

Body of L5

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56
Q

Most dilated part of colon

A

Caecum

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57
Q

Mark of base of caecum

A

Convergence of taenia coli

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58
Q

Peritoneal relation of base of caecum

A

Intraperitoneal

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59
Q

Point of demarcation between intra and retro peritoneal right/ascending colon and its importance

A

A white line
It’s the line of incision for colonic resection

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60
Q

Attachment sure of greater omentum with transverse colon air its importance

A

Along superior border
Division of this attachment permits entry into lesser sac
And
Separation of transverse colon from greater omentum is a routine operation step in both gastric and colonic resection

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61
Q

Relation of L4 with descending colon

A

Colon becomes intraperitoneal and becomes sigmoid

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62
Q

Relation of sacral promontory with sigmoid colon

A

Becomes rectum

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63
Q

Macroscopically visible mark of sigmoid to rectal transition

A

Fusion of taenia

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64
Q

Importance of peritoneal relation of colon

A

Generalized peritonitis in case of whole intraperitoneal segments

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65
Q

Relation of gall bladder with hepatic flexure

A

Bladder is medial

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66
Q

Structure to get surgical assessment of pancreas

A

Attachment of greater omentum with transverse colon

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67
Q

Pancreatic relation of renal vein

A

Both veins lie posterior to head

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68
Q

Relation of pancreas with SMA&V

A

They are BEHIND head
BUT
FRONT of uncinate process
by passing
UNDER neck

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69
Q

Posterior relation of neck of pancreas

A

SMV & portal vein

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70
Q

Renal relation with pancreas

A

Body of pancreas is in direct contact with left kidney along with renal vein & adrenal

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71
Q

Structure behind pancreatic tail

A

Kidney

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72
Q

Structure anterior to pancreatic tail

A

Splenic hilum

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73
Q

Structure anterior to body of pancreas

A

Stomach and DJ flexure

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74
Q

Relation between head of pancreas with 1st part of duodenum

A

1st part is anterior to head

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75
Q

Gastric relation of head of pancreas

A

Pylorus is anterior to head

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76
Q

Superior relation of pancreas

A

Coeliac trunk (cause at L12) with branches obviously

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77
Q

What the groove of pancreatic head for

A

For 2nd and 3rd part of duodenum

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78
Q

Trunk of pancreatic blood supply

A

Coeliac

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79
Q

Venous drainage is pancreatic head

A

SMV

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80
Q

Importance of ampulla of vater

A

Transition from foregut to midgut
with their different blood supply

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81
Q

Similarity between hepatic artery and portal vein

A

Their blood flows at same direction

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82
Q

Occlusion of which structure will result in greater reduction of hepatic blood flow

A

Portal vein

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83
Q

Percentage of blood flow to liver by portal vein

A

70%

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84
Q

Blood flow track of liver

A

Portal+hepatic>sinusoid>central veins of lobules>hepatic veins>IVC

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85
Q

Peculiarity of couinaud segment l

A

It can be a part of either anatomical segment right or left

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86
Q

Peculiarity of quadrate lobe

A

Anatomically right
Functionally left
&
Couinaud lV

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87
Q

Fossa related to quadratus lobe of liver

A

On Right side is fossa for gall bladder
On Left side is fossa for umbilical vein

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88
Q

Arterial supply of CAUDATE lobe of liver

A

From both right and left hepatic artery

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89
Q

Name of couinaud segment l

A

CAUDATE lobe

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90
Q

Biliary drainage of segment l

A

Into both right and left hepatic duct

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91
Q

Location and content of portal canal

A

Between liver lobules
Contain portal triad(hepatic artery, portal vein, tributary of bike duct)

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92
Q

Lobes separated by porta hepatis

A

Caudate behind from Quadrate in front

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93
Q

Biliary portion of porta hepatis

A

Common hepatic duct

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94
Q

Nerve in porta hepatis

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic of Coeliac plexus

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95
Q

Branch of Falciform ligament

A

Coronary
Left triangular

96
Q

Joining of umbilical vein

A

Left branch of portal vein in porta hepatis

97
Q

Connection of ductus VENOSUS

A

Umbilical vein to IVC

98
Q

What forms lacunar ligament

A

Triangular expansion of inguinal ligament

99
Q

Thoracic relation of external oblique

A

Origins from outer aspect of ribs 5-12

100
Q

Thoracic relation of internal oblique

A

Inserts into cartilages of lower 3 ribs

101
Q

Direction of transversus abdominis

A

From lumbodorsal fascia to linea alba

102
Q

Offline
*Relation of transversus abdominis with rectus abdominis

A

Upper part lies posterior to rectus abdominis but lower to arcuate line,fibers run anteriorly only

103
Q

*Direction of rectus abdominis

A

From pubis to xiphoid

104
Q

Termination of iliohypogastric nerve

A

Pierces the external oblique aponurosis above the superficial inguinal ring
(That’s why it is outside the inguinal canal)

105
Q

Why ilioinguinal nerve is within inguinal canal

A

Cause it pierces only internal oblique muscle she lies deep to external oblique aponurosis

106
Q

Innervation of ilioinguinal nerve

A

Muscles passing through
Superomedial skin of femoral triangle
Scrotal skin
Skin of root and doreum of penis
Skin of labia majora

107
Q

Structures separated by Waldeyer’s fascia

A

Mesorectum from Sacrum

108
Q

Relation of rectal lymphatic drainage with dentate line of anal canal

A

Above line into mesorectum
Below line into inguinal

109
Q

First branch of SMA

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

110
Q

Why lodgement of emboli is common in SMA

A

Because it takes more oblique angle from aorta

111
Q

Vein between aorta and SMA

A

Left renal

112
Q

Relation between SMA & SMV

A

Vein on right side as IVC is on right

113
Q

extension of spermatic cord

A

The spermatic cord extends from the DEEP inguinal ring in the inferior abdomen to the scrotum, where it ends at the POSTERIOR border of the testes

114
Q

*Is testicular vein outside of cord???

A

No
The pampiniform plexus of veins (Figure 1) which drains the testis and epididymis, become the testicular vein at the level of the internal inguinal ring.
And the cord srarts from deep inguinal ring

115
Q

Importance of scrotal lymphatic drainage

A

Inguinal
As testes drains in para aortic, so take ABDOMINAL approach in surgery for tricksy cancer not scrotal to avoid desimination into inguinal nodes

116
Q

*Origin of cremasteric artery

A

from inferior epigastric
(as continuation of abdominal wall

117
Q

*Origin of artery to VAS

A

from inferior VESical artery

118
Q

*From where does fluid of hydrocele come

A

Peritoneal secretion

119
Q

*Inguinal surgery for metastasis lesion from anal canal

A

Block dissection

120
Q

*Apex of lesser sac with apical content

A

Hilum of spleen with short gastric vessels

121
Q

*Renal relation of spleen

A

Kidney retro so retro

122
Q

*Draining point of IMV

A

splenic vein

123
Q

*Peritoneal relation of spleen

A

Intra

124
Q

*Largest lymphatic organ of body

A

Spleen

125
Q

*Biochemical test to detect pancreatic injury

A

Peritoneal fluid for amylase
(As tail is intraperitoneal)

126
Q

*Color of pancreas secretion

A

Clear

127
Q

*Innervation of perianal skin

A

Pudendal

128
Q

*Nerve to be anesthetized for episiotomy

A

PUDENDAL because it innervates posterior vulval area

129
Q

*Anterior relation of adrenal gland

A

Bare area is anterior to right adrenal
Stomach and lesser sac to left adrenal

130
Q

*Management of injury to IVC

A

By Satinsky champ and a 6-0 prolene

131
Q

*Venous drainage of adrenal gland with importance

A

By ONE very SHORT vein to IVC from RIGHT
& to left RENAL from LEFT
So handle the glad carefully but to injure IVC or LEFT renal

132
Q

*Extension of internal and external anal sphincter

A

Internal upper 2/3 of anal canal
External whole length

133
Q

*Supply of external anal sphincter with root

A

INFERIOR rectal branch of pudendal S234
& Perineal branch of S4

134
Q

*Type of renal artery

A

End

135
Q

*Contents of renal sinus

A

Branches of renal arteries
Tributaries of renal vein
Major and minor calyces
Fat

136
Q

*Marking of innermost apex of renal pyramid

A

Papilla

137
Q

Number of pyramids of kidney

A

6-10

138
Q

*Origin of common renal and adrenal fascia

A

Fascia transversalis

139
Q

*Hilum of right kidney

A

L2-3

140
Q

*Level of upper and lower pole of left kidney

A

Upper 11th rib
Lower L3

141
Q

*Dimensions of kidney

A

11×5×3cm

142
Q

*Relation between IMA and aortic bifurcation

A

3-4cm above bifurcation

143
Q

Arterial supply of embryonic hindgut

A

IMA

144
Q

Level of dermatome blockage for local inguinal hernia surgery

A

T12

145
Q

Drainage part of bulbourethral glands

A

Into spongy

146
Q

Fascia embedding female urethra

A

Endopelvic

147
Q

Another name of penile urethra

A

Spongy

148
Q

Relation of ureter with major vessels

A

Posterior to gonadal
Anterior to common iliac

149
Q

Relation of cysterna chyli with aorta

A

Chyli lies right laterally

150
Q

Relation of aorta with duodenum

A

3rd part anteriorly,
4th with DJ flexure left laterally

151
Q

Connection between SMA and small gut

A

Jejunal and ileal arcades

152
Q

Pancreatic relation with hilum of both kidneys

A

Head lies anterior to right hilum
Tail lies anterior to left hilum

153
Q

Requirement of division of IMA

A

During surgery of AAA
During Anterior resection of rectum

154
Q

Relation of gallbladder with hepatic flexure

A

Gall lies MEDIALLY

155
Q

Types of joints

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

156
Q

Types of fibrous joint and unity

A

Suture -skull
Gomphosis -teeth
Syndesmosis -inferior tibiofibular
Tight connective tissue unites the joint

157
Q

Types of cartilaginous joint and unity

A

Epiphyseal growth plate
Symphysis pubis
United by layer of hyaline cartilage

158
Q

Character sheet example of synovial joint

A

Both ends permit free movement
Both ends are covered by cartilage
Both ends are surrounded by fluid
Hip/knee joint

159
Q

Innervation and function of quadratus lumborum

A

Anterior primary Rami of T12-L3
Causes lateral flexion of trunk

160
Q

Most notable malignant involvement of omentum

A

Ovarian cancer

161
Q

Major arterial relation of IVC

A

Right renal posterior
Right gonadal anterior
Right common iliac anterior

162
Q

Tributary of IVC before leaving abdomen

A

At T8
Hepatic veins
Inferior phrenic veins

163
Q

Largest autonomic plexus

A

Coeliac

164
Q

Vessels covered by Coeliac plexus

A

Coeliac trunk
SMA

165
Q

Which nerves join the plexus and ganglia of Coeliac Plex

A

Greater splanchnic
Lesser splanchnic
Phrenic branches
Vagus branches

166
Q

Valve of IVC

A

A NONfunctional valve between RA and IVC

167
Q

Which nerve provides aotnomic control of urinary bladder

A

Hypogastric plexus

168
Q

Division of which structure is a must for splenectomy

A

Short gastric vessels

169
Q

Arterial supply of prostate

A

Inferior vesical artery (as inferior to vesical) which is as branch of internal iliac artery

170
Q

Venous drainage of prostate

A

Via prostatic venous plexus into paravertebral veins

171
Q

Innervation of prostate

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus

172
Q

Lobes of prostate

A

Posterior
Median
Lateral 2
Isthmus

173
Q

Zones of prostate

A

Peripheral -most cancers
Central
Transitional
Stroma

174
Q

Location of prostatic venous plexus

A

Anterolateral

175
Q

Prostatic dimensions

A

2×3×4cm
AP×SI×L

176
Q

Surgery for Conn’s syndrome

A

Adrenalectomy

177
Q

Another name of perineal membrane

A

inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.

178
Q

urogenital diaphragm

A

The urogenital diaphragm is a triangle shaped muscle layer created by sphincter urethrae along with deep transverse perineal muscles. They are confined among a superior as well as an inferior layer of fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.The inferior layer of fascia is often called as the perineal membrane.

179
Q

Muscles of superficial perineal pouch

A

Superficial transverse perineal muscles
Bulbospongiosus
Ischiocavernosus

180
Q

Location of SUPERFICIAL perineal pouch

A

Below perineal membrane aka inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm

181
Q

Difference between urogenital diaphragm & deep Perineal pouch

A

All of urogenital diaphragm is part of deep Perineal pouch but the other way around

The deep pouch is the region between the perineal membrane (inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm) and the pelvic diaphragm (formed by the levator ani & coccygeus).

182
Q

Triad of bulbar rupture

A

Urinary retention
Perineal hematoma
Blood in the meatus

183
Q

Peritoneal relation of membranous rupture

A

Can be intra or extra

184
Q

Peritoneal relation of urinary bladder injury with effect on management

A

Can be intra (laparotomy) or
extra (conservative)

185
Q

Which nerve injury will cause inguinal ligament pain with lower abdominal radiation after caesarean section

A

Ilioinguinal

186
Q

Which nerve is at risk in the anterior resection of rectum

A

Hypogastric plexus

187
Q

Branches of Coeliac trunk

A

LHS

188
Q

Vertebral level of CAUDATE process of liver

A

T12

189
Q

Surrounding of Coeliac trunk

A

Caudate lobe
Gastric cardia
Pancreatic superior border
Left renal vein

190
Q

Which structure must be mobilize fire anterior approach of right adrenal gland

A

Hepatic flexure

191
Q

Most likely site of perforation in case of complete large bowel obstruction

A

Caecum

192
Q

SEGMENTAL arterial supply of URETER

A

Renal
Gonadal
Aortic
Common iliac
Internal iliac
Superior vesical
Uterine
Middle rectal
Vaginal
Inferior vesical

193
Q

Nerve in porta hepatis

A

Parasympathetic

194
Q

Caution for midline incision

A

Avoid Falciform Liga above umbilicus

195
Q

Peculiarity of battle incision

A

A paramedian incision but
Rectus muscle is displaced medially thus denervated

196
Q

Difference between Lanz and Gridiron

A

Lanz horizontal so cosmetic,2/3 medially
— —
Gridiron vertical on McBurney’s line
2/3 above

197
Q

Use of McEvedy’s incision

A

A groin incision used for emergency repair of strangulated femoral hernia

198
Q

lymphatic drainage of male urethra

A

Preprostatic urethra: This region drains to the external iliac, hypogastric, and obturator lymph nodes.

Prostatic and membranous urethra: These regions drain to the obturator and internal iliac lymph nodes.

Penile urethra: This region drains to the deep and superficial inguinal lymph nodes.

199
Q

Lymphatic drainage of female urethra

A

Entire part to internal iliac

200
Q

Nerve supply of liver

A

Coeliac plexus

201
Q

Branches of PUDENDAL nerve

A

Rectal
Perineal
Dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris

202
Q

Between which muscles does PUDENDAL nerve pass after origin

A

Piriformis & coccygeus

203
Q

Lobar relation of gallbladder

A

Between quadrate lobe and right lobe

204
Q

Nerve supply of gallbladder

A

Sympathetic from mid thoracic spinal
Parasympathetic from anterior vagal

205
Q

Vessel in superficial perineal pouch

A

Posterior scripts arteries/
Posterior labial arteries

206
Q

Root of genitofemoral nerve

A

L1,2

207
Q

PUDENDAL nerve lies in which perineal space

A

Deep

208
Q

Structures passing through both greater and lesser sciatic foamina

A

PUDENDAL nerve
Internal PUDENDAL artery
Nerve to obturator internus

209
Q

Which muscle pass through lesser sciatic foramen

A

Tendon of obturator internus

210
Q

Structure to divide to get access a retrocaecal appendix

A

Lateral peritoneal attachment of caecum

211
Q

Lymphatic drainage of prostate

A

Internal iliac
Sacral

212
Q

Artery to cervical oesophagus

A

Inferior thyroid

213
Q

Walls of inguinal canal

A

MALT×2

214
Q

Structure at more risk during anterior resection of (UPPER) rectum

A

Left ureter

215
Q

Lateral Wall is deep inguinal ring

A

Transversalis fascia

216
Q

Cause of neuropathic pain after hernia surgery

A

Injury to ilioinguinal nerve

217
Q

Mechanism of splenic injury during colonic surgery

A

Pulling

218
Q

Medial boundary of deep inguinal ring

A

Inferior epigastric artery

219
Q

Primary site of venous drainage of urinary bladder

A

Vesicoprostatic venous plexus then internal iliac

220
Q

Blood supply of urinary bladder

A

Superior and inferior vesical arteries from internal iliac artery

221
Q

Lymphatic drainage of urinary bladder

A

Mainly external iliac but also internal iliac and obturator

222
Q

Innervation of urinary bladder

A

Sympathetic from L1-2 via hypogastric plexus
Parasympathetic from pelvic splanchnic
Muscles of trigone by sympathetic
External sphincter by voluntary control

223
Q

Which splenic structure lies most posteriorly

A

Linorenal LIGAMENT

224
Q

Development of spleen

A

Upper dorsal mesogastrium

225
Q

Causes of massive splenomegaly

A

Myelofibrosis
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Malaria
Kala Azar

226
Q

Location of accessory spleen

A

Hilum of spleen
Tail of pancreas
Along splenic vessels
Gastrosplenic ligament
Linorenal ligament
Walls of stomach & intestine
Greater omentum
Mesentery
Gonads

227
Q

Effect of cholecystokinin on gall bladder

A

Contraction

228
Q

Peritoneal relation of gallbladder fundus

A

Usually intraperitoneal

229
Q

Origin and function of internal spermatic fascia

A

From fascia transversalis
It invests
Ductus deferens
Testicular vessels

230
Q

Pathological coecal diameter

A

> 9cm

231
Q

Extension of lesser omentum

A

Arises from porta hepatis and passes the lesser curvature of the stomach

232
Q

Renal hilum content from superior to inferior

A

A
V
P

233
Q

Other names for SMA syndrome and compressed part

A

Other names for SMA syndrome have included chronic duodenal ileus, Wilkie syndrome, arterio-mesenteric duodenal compression syndrome and cast syndrome
3rd part of duodenum

234
Q

Compression in Median arcuate ligament syndrome

A

Coeliac trunk

235
Q

Origin of dartos fascia

A

Continuation of scarpa’s fascia

MTM (12 decks)

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