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MODULE 8 - Neurology > ANATOMY - Spinal Cord > Flashcards

ANATOMY - Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three primary roles of the spinal cord?

A
  1. Send sensory information from the periphery to the brain
  2. Send motor information from the brain to the periphery
  3. Coordinate reflexes
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2
Q

What is proprioception?

A

Proprioception is the awareness of the position and movement of the body

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3
Q

What is the anatomical origin of the spinal cord?

A

Foramen magnum

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4
Q

Which region of the vertebral column does the spinal cord extend to in dogs and cats?

A

L6 or L7 vertebrae

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5
Q

Which region of the vertebral column does the spinal cord extend to in cattle and horses?

A

S1 or S2 vertebrae

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6
Q

What is a spinal cord segment?

A

Spinal cord segment is a section of the spinal cord which gives rise to one pair of spinal nerve roots

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7
Q

What are the two types of nerve roots seen at the root of every spinal nerve?

A

Dorsal nerve root
Ventral nerve root

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8
Q

What is the function of the dorsal nerve root?

A

Dorsal nerve root transports sensory information from the periphery to the spinal cord, making it the afferent root of the spinal nerve

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9
Q

What is the function of the ventral nerve root?

A

Ventral nerve root transports motor information from the spinal cord to the periphery, making it the efferent root of the spinal nerve

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10
Q

What are spinal ganglia?

A

Spinal ganglia are aggregations of neuronal cells bodies located just outside of the spinal cord at the level of each dorsal nerve root

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11
Q

What are the thirty five spinal cord segments?

A

8 Cervical
13 Thoracic
7 Lumbar
3 Sacral
4 Caudal

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12
Q

Why are there eight cervical spinal cord segments but only seven cervical vertebrae?

A

Cervical nerve one (C1) leaves the intervertebral foramen cranial to the C1 vertebra and cervical nerve eight (C8) leaves the intervertebral foramen caudal to the C7 vertebra

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13
Q

Why do the caudal spinal cord segments not align with the vertebral column?

A

During initial embryonic development, the spinal cord and vertebral column develops at the same rate, however, as development continues, the vertebral column grows at a much faster rate, causing displacement of the caudal end of the spinal cord in relation to the vertebral column

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14
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

The nerve roots of the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves form a bundle at the caudal end of the spinal cord known as the cauda equina

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15
Q

What is the name for the terminal end of the spinal cord?

A

Conus medullaris

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16
Q

What is the filum terminale?

A

Fibrous cord attaching the conus meduallaris of the spinal cord to the caudal vertebrae

17
Q

Which structure do spinal nerves pass through to enter the periphery?

A

Intervertebral foramen

18
Q

What is the clinical significance of the positioning of intervertebral discs relevant to the intervertebral foramina?

A

Intervertebral discs are located ventral to the intervertebral foramina so intervertebral disc herniation can cause compression of the spinal nerves

19
Q

How is white and grey matter arranged in the spinal cord?

A

White matter is on the outside and grey matter forms a horn in the centre of the spinal cord

20
Q

What is the grey commissure?

A

Grey matter surrounding the central canal of the spinal cord

21
Q

What are the three main regions of the spinal cord white matter?

A

Dorsal funiculus
Lateral funiculus
Ventral funiculus

22
Q

Which type of axons are found within the dorsal funiculus of the white matter?

A

Afferent (sensory) axons

23
Q

Which type of axons are found within the lateral funiculus of the white matter?

A

Afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) neurones

24
Q

Which type of axons are found within the ventral funiculus of the white matter?

A

Efferent (motor) neurones

25
Q

What are the three meningeal layers?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

26
Q

Where does the dura mater of the spinal cord fuse to the periosteum of the skull?

A

Foramen magnum

27
Q

What is the epidural space?

A

Anatomical space between the dura mater and the periosteum of the vertebral column

28
Q

What fills the epidural space?

A

Epidural fat

29
Q

The periosteum of which two vertebrae is the dura mater fused to?

A

C1
C2

30
Q

What is the caudal point of attachment for the dura mater?

A

Filum terminale

31
Q

What are denticulate ligaments?

A

Ligamentous extensions from the pia mater, through the arachnoid mater and attaching to the dura mater to stabilise the spinal cord

32
Q

What is inflammation of the meninges?

A

Meningitis

33
Q

(T/F) Meninges also surround the nerve roots

A

TRUE.

34
Q

Which three layers of connective tissue surround the spinal nerves?

A

Epineurium
Perineurium
Endoneurium

MODULE 8 - Neurology (27 decks)

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