Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MODULE 8 - Neurology > ANATOMY - Eye > Flashcards

ANATOMY - Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Which two species have an eyeball with an anterior-posterior compression?

A

Cattle
Horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two main segments of the eyeball?

A

Anterior segment
Posterior segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which structure separates the anterior and posterior segments of the eyeball?

A

Lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two chambers within the anterior segment of the eyeball?

A

Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior chamber in the anterior segment?

A

The anterior chamber is between the cornea and the iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior chamber of the anterior segment?

A

The posterior chamber is between the iris and the lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is aqueous humor?

A

Ultra-filtrate of plasma located in the anterior segment of the eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is vitreous humor?

A

Gel-like substance located in the posterior segment of the eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three concentric tunics of the eye?

A

Fibrous tunic
Vascular tunic
Neural tunic (retina)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two functions of the fibrous tunic?

A

Resists internal pressure
Maintains eyeball shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two components of the fibrous tunic?

A

Cornea
Sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the point of attachment between the cornea and sclera?

A

Limbus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What allows the cornea to remain transparent?

A

Organised arrangement of connective tissue fibres and the continual removal of lacrimal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three layers of the cornea?

A

Epithelium
Substantia propria (connective tissue)
Descemet’s membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the importance of Descemet’s membrane when using fluorescein to asses corneal ulcers?

A

Descemet’s membrane does not take up fluorescein so it acts as a protective barrier between the fluorescein and the deeper structures of the eye. This allows the dye to specifically highlight any ulcers in the substantia propria without affecting underlying layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two main components of the sclera?

A

Collagen fibres
Elastic fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the vagina bulba?

A

Thin membranous covering which separates the sclera from the retrobulbar fat to allow for smooth movement of the eyeball within the orbit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three components of the vascular tunic?

A

Iris
Choroid
Ciliary body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the iris?

A

The iris is a smooth muscle sphincter that controls the size of the pupil and thus regulates the amount of light that enters the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the term used for constriction of the pupil?

A

Miosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the term used for dilation of the pupil?

A

Mydriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are iridic granules?

A

Pigmented, roughened prominences present on the pupillary margin of the eye in horses and ruminants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the four functions of the ciliary bodies?

A

Anchors lens
Alter shape of lens through contraction
Produces aqueous humor
Drains aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which disease occurs if aqueous humor fails to drain from the anterior segment of the eyeball?

A

Glaucoma

25
Q

What is the choroid?

A

Vascular tissue running from the optic nerve to the limbus

26
Q

What is the function of the choroid?

A

The choroid supplies nutrients to the neural tunic (retina)

27
Q

Which arteries are found within the choroid?

A

Ciliary arteries

28
Q

Which veins are found within the choroid?

A

Vorticose veins

29
Q

What is the tapetum lucidum?

A

Reflective membrane which reflects light back through the retina, increasing the chances of photons stimulating the photoreceptors in the retina to enhance visual sensitivity under low-light conditions

30
Q

Which species does not have a tapetum lucidum?

A

Pigs

31
Q

What are the two divisions of the neural tunic (retina)?

A

Pars optica retinae
Pars ceca retinae

32
Q

What is the difference between the pars optica retinae and the pars ceca retinae?

A

Pars optica retinae is the portion of the neural tunic (retina) which has photoreceptors cells and is involved in light detection however the pars ceca retinae has no photoreceptor cells

33
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

The point of entry of cranial nerve II (optic nerve) into the neural tunic (retina)

34
Q

What are the four adnexal structures of the eye?

A

Orbit
Extraocular muscles
Palpabrae (eyelids)
Lacrimal apparatus

35
Q

Which three bones of the skull make up the orbit?

A

Frontal bone
Lacrimal bone
Zygomatic bone

36
Q

What are the four rectus extraocular muscles?

A

Dorsal rectus muscle
Ventral rectus muscle
Medial rectus muscle
Lateral rectus muscle

37
Q

What are the two oblique extraocular muscles?

A

Dorsal oblique muscle
Ventral oblique muscle

38
Q

What is the function of the dorsal oblique muscle?

A

Rotation of the eye downwards and outwards

39
Q

What is the function of the ventral oblique muscle?

A

Rotation of the eye upwards and inwards

40
Q

Which extraocular muscle can retract the eyeball into the orbit?

A

Retractor bulbi muscle

41
Q

What are the two true eyelids?

A

Upper palpabrae
Lower palpabrae

42
Q

Where do the upper and lower palpabrae meet?

A

Commissures

43
Q

What is the name of the space between the upper and lower palpabrae?

A

Palpabral fissure

44
Q

What are the three layers of the palpabrae (eyelids)?

A

Skin
Musculofibrous layer
Conjunctiva

45
Q

What are the two skeletal muscles in the musculofibrous layer of the palpabrae (eyelids)?

A

Obicularis oculi muscle
Levator palpabrae superiosus muscle

46
Q

What is the fibrous plate within the musculofibrous layer of the palpabrae (eyelids)

A

Tarsal plate

47
Q

What is the function of the tarsal glands surrounding the tarsal plate?

A

Production of the lipid layer of the lacrimal fluid (tears)

48
Q

What is the name of the space between the palpabrae (eyelids) and the eyeball?

A

Conjunctival sac

49
Q

What is the name of the lacrimal gland associated with the third eyelid?

A

Gland of the third eyelid

50
Q

What is ‘cherry eye’?

A

Prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid

51
Q

What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus?

A

Production of lacrimal fluid (tears)

52
Q

What are the two functions of lacrimal fluid (tears)?

A

Protection of the cornea
Nutrient provision to the cornea

53
Q

What are the three main glands which make up the lacrimal apparatus?

A

Lacrimal gland
Gland of the third eyelid
Tarsal glands

54
Q

Describe the drainage root for lacrimal fluid (tears)?

A

Lacrimal fluid is drained into slits adjacent to the lacrimal caruncle (tear duct) known as puncta lacrimalia which drain into the lacrimal sac followed by the nasolacrimal duct and into the nasal vestibule

55
Q

What are the three layers of the lacrimal fluid (tears)?

A

Lipid layer
Mucin layer
Aqueous layer

56
Q

What produces the mucin layer of lacrimal fluid (tears)?

A

Conjunctival goblet cells

57
Q

What is the main artery supplying the eye?

A

External ophthalmic artery

58
Q

Which six cranial nerves innervate the eye?

A

Cranial nerves II to VII

MODULE 8 - Neurology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions