ANATOMY - Central Nervous System Blood Supply Flashcards
What are the three main arteries which supply the brain of domestic species?
Internal carotid artery
Maxillary artery
Vertebral artery
What is the circulus arteriosus (circle of Willis)?
Circulatory anastomoses surrounding the hypothalamus
Which four arteries make up the circulus arteriosus (circle of Willis)?
Rostral communicating artery
Rostral cerebral arteries
Caudal communicating arteries
Basilar artery
Which three arteries supply the cerebrum?
Rostral cerebral arteries
Middle cerebral arteries
Caudal cerebral arteries
Which two arteries supply the cerebellum?
Rostral cerebellar artery
Caudal cerebellar artery
In which two domestic species is the brain supplied by the internal carotid and the vertebral arteries?
Dogs
Horses
Which three arteries branch from the internal carotid artery?
Rostral cerebral arteries
Middle cerebral arteries
Caudal communicating arteries
Which two arteries branch from the caudal communicating arteries?
Caudal cerebral arteries
Rostral cerebellar arteries
Which artery is formed by the fusion of the vertebral arteries at the base of the skull?
Basilar artery
Which artery branches from the basilar artery?
Caudal cerebellar arteries
In which three domestic species is the brain supplied by the maxillary and vertebral arteries?
Cats
Sheep
Cattle
Why is it not recommended to use mouth gags in cats?
In cats the maxillary artery is the main source of blood for the brain and retinae, and mouth gags can cause compression of this artery resulting in central neurological deficits and blindness
What is ritual slaughter?
Ritual slaughter is the single, rapid cut of the neck which severs the carotid arteries and jugular veins
Why do cattle lose consciousness at a slower rate compared to sheep following ritual slaughter?
In sheep, the maxillary artery supplies the majority of the brain however, in cattle, the vertebral and maxillary blood mix in all parts of the brain. Because the maxillary artery is a branch of the external carotid artery, when the carotid is severed sheep will lose consciousness, however cattle remain conscious for longer as the vertebral artery is not severed so their brain will still have a blood supply
What is the rete mirabile?
Network of blood vessels located in the cavernous sinus of ruminants