Anatomy Outline Questions Flashcards
What are the four different types of tissues?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
What is the funtion of the Epithelial tissue?
to line and lubricate
to protect the body, secrete substances, and absorb substances
What is the function of the connective tissue?
support and connect
What is the function of the muscle tissue?
contract
What is the function of nervous tissue?
communicate and transmit information
What is Cilia?
hair like protrusions in the respiratory passageways
What are the different types of joints?
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and synovial
Fibrous Joints
are connective and immobile
Synovial Joints
move the most because it is not directly attached but are bonded by dense irregular connective tissue
Cartilagionous Joints
moves sometimes joint is attached by cartilage
What are the structures involved in the skeletal support of respiration?
Bony Thorax (vertebral column, sternum, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and ribs)
Visceral thorax (respiratory tract, lungs, and mediastinum)
How many vertebraes are in the cervical column?
7 vertebraes
How many vertebraes are in the thoracic column?
12 vertebraes
How many vertebraes are in teh lumbar column?
5 vertebraes
How many bones are fused together to form the sacrum?
5 fused mass
How many bones are fused together to form the coccyx?
4 fused bones
What is the first cervical vertebrae known as?
the atlas and it provides a resting point for the skull on the top of the vertbral column
What is the second cervical vertebra known as?
the axis and the function of this is the pivot point around which the atlas rotates allows side to side head movement
What is the function of the thoracic vertebrae?
provides posterior attachement points for the rib cage and is essential for respiration
The lumbar vertebra
bears the most weight of the upper body
What are the three divisions of the sternum?
manubrium sterni, the corpus, and the xyphoid process
What does the sternum provide attatchment for?
the clavicles and many of the ribs
What is the ilium?
a large, fan shaped superior, lateral, portion of the pelvic girdle
What does the ilium provide points of attatchment for?
for most of the muscles of the abdomen
What is the soft tissue of the Thorax?
The trachea which is part of the visceral thorax
What does the trachea connect?
connects the lungs with the external environment
What is superior to the trachea?
the larynx
What is inferior to the trachea?
the carina
What is posterior to the trachea?
the esophagus
What is the soft tissue of the respiratory passageway?
oral cavity, nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes serve as protection
Where are the lungs located ?
in the visceral thorax
How many lobes are in the right lung?
3 lobes
How many lobes are in the left lung?
2 lobes
Where are the alveoli located?
at the ends of the bronchial tree
What does the parietal pleurae line?
the inside of the thoracic cavity
What does the visceral pleura line encase?
covers the lungs, nerves, and bronchi
The pleural cavity is a small space between?
space between the pleura, the two thin membranes that line and surround the lungs
What is mediastinum?
the space deep in the bony thorax
What does the mediastinum house?
houses the heart
When you inhale the ribs move _________?
Up and out and the diaphragm lowers
Quiet Inspiration
the level of inspiration that is necessary to maintain life with minimal energy exerted
forced inspiration
employs the diaphragm as well as the accessory muscles of inspiration to further increase the volume of air inspired to bring more oxygen into the body quickly
What is the primary inspiratory muscle?
The diaphragm
Features of the diaphragm
separates the thorax from the abdomen is a dome shaped muscle
When does the diaphragm contract?
to expand the thorax for inspiration
What are the anterior thoracic muscles of inspiration
external intercostals and interchondral portion
where are the external intercostals located?
run between the ribs, elevate the ribs
What are the posterior thoracic muscles of inspiration?
the levatores costarum and the serratus
What is the function of the posterior thoracic muscles?
to lower the ribs
What is the sternocleidomastoid?
mastoid process and it elavates the sternum helps the head to turn
Scalenes
elavate 1st and 2 rib
During forced exhilation what happens to the ribcage?
the ribcage moves down and in and the lungs get smaller and the diaphragm moves up
What is atmospheric pressure?
amount of pressure created by gravity’s pull on the air on the surface of the earth
What is alveolar pressure?
air pressure within the alveoli of the lungs during inspiration, alveolar pressure is negative and then changes to positive for expiration
What is intraoral pressure?
the air pressure within the oral cavity
What is subgLottal pressure?
the air presure below the glottis, the space between the vocal folds. this pressure dirves phonation at the vocal folds,
What is intrapleural pressure?
the pressure that exists within the pleural linkage, between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura that connects the lungs to the inerior walls of the thorax
The Larynx is supspended in the neck by what bone?
by the hyoid bone
What are the layers of the vocal folds?
Epithelial layer, superficial lamina properia, intermediate lamina propria, deep lamina propria, thyroarytenoid muscle
What two layers equal vocal ligament?
Intermediate lamina and deep lamina propria
What is the vestibule cavity?
the space between the entryway and ventricular folds
The posterior cricoarytenoid is a
an abductor muscle
As the diaphragm contacts and lowers what is happing?
inhalation
T/F the transverse arytenoids pulls the arytenoids closer together and the oblique arytenoid pulls them apart
false both transverse and oblique arytenoids pull the arytenoids together
What does cranial mean
close to the head
What does caudial mean?
toward the tail
What are the adductor laryngeal muscles?
lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, and oblique arytenoid
What is the adductor laryngeal muscle?
posterior cricoarytenoid
What is the amount of air that is left in the lungs after PASSIVE exhalation?
functional residual capacity
Where is the rima vestibule located?
between the false vocal folds and not used for phonation
