Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 2 4. Neurology > Anatomy of the upper respiratory tract > Flashcards

Anatomy of the upper respiratory tract Flashcards

1
Q

Which sinuses make up the paranasal sinuses?

A
  • Frontal
  • Ethmoid
  • Maxillary
  • Sphenoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which cells line the paranasal sinuses?

A

respiratory epithelium - pseudostratified columnar with cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

A
  • Reduce weight of facial skeleton
  • Warm and humidify inspired air
  • Adding resonance to the voice
  • Drain mucus secretions into the nasal cavities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How can the paranasal sinuses be drained?

A

Sneezing, blowing the nose, gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which structure is found at the most posterior point of the tongue?

A

The epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the epiglottis made of?

A

Elastic cartilage making it rather springy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the defining points of the nasopharynx?

A

Begins when the nasal septum ends

Ends where the soft palate ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What structure can be found in the side wall of the nasopharynx?

A

The opening of the auditory tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the auditory tube made of?

A

Cartilage towards the mouth and bone towards the ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What surrounds the auditory tube?

A

The tubal elevation, containing lymphoid tissue called the tubal tonsil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What structure is adjacent to the opening of the auditory tube?

A

The pharyngeal recess, or fossa of reosenmuller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the pharyngeal recess or fossa of rosenmuller?

A

A deep recess that almost reaches the internal carotid artery at the base of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What lymphoid tissue is found at the back of the nasopharynx?

A

The pharyngeal tonsil or adenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the palatoglossal fold?

A

A fold in the mucosa where the palatoglossal muscle is found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the palatoglossal fold found?

A

At the back of the oral cavity. Marks the point where the oropharynx begins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What additional fold is found near the palatoglossal fold?

A

The palatopharyngeal fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the palatopharyngeal fold?

A

A fold at the edge of the soft palate where the palatopharyngeal muscle sits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the main action of the palatopharyngeal muscle?

A

Pulls on the soft palate to the area where the nasopharynx becomes the oropharynx to help stop drinks entering the nasal cavity when you swallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is the palatine tonsil found?

A

Between the palatoglossal fold and the palatopharyngeal fold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the lingual tonsil found?

A

Under the posterior 2/3 of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What signifies the end of the oropharynx and the start of the laryngopharynx?

A

The tip of the epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the vallecula fossa?

A

A pit between the posterior tongue and epiglottis

Fish bones can get caught here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the piriform fossa?

A

A shallow recess found at the laryngopharynx near the inlet to the larynx

Pear shaped

Common for fish bones to be caught in this area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the name given to the collective tonsils?

A

Waldeyer’s ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What tonsils are found in waldeyer’s ring?

A

1 pharyngeal tonsil
2 tubal tonsils
2 palatine tonsils
1 lingual tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the norma lateralis of the skull?

A

The lateral wall of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What bones are found in the norma lateralis of the skull?

A 
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Sphenoid
Zygomatic
Mandible
Maxilla
Nasal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What bones make up the nasal cavity?

A
  • Ethmoid

- Sphenoid

30
Q

Describe the ethmoid bone

A

Unpaired bone that contains the ethmoid aire cells (sinuses)

Contributes to the roof and the lateral and medial walls of the nasal cavity

31
Q

Descibe the sphenoid bone

A

Unpaired bone that contains the sphenoid sinus

Froms the posterior part of the cavity

32
Q

What areas does air entering the nose pass through?

A
  • Nares
  • Vestibule
  • Respiratory region
  • Olfactory region
  • Choanae
33
Q

What is the nares

A

Anterior apertures or nostrils

34
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

Dilated portion of the nose inside each aperture

Contains highly vasculised epithelium with hair

35
Q

What is the respiratory region?

A

The nasal cavity proper

Lined with highly vascular respiratory epithelium and three conchae

36
Q

What is the conchae?

A

The curled shelf of bone within the nasal cavity

37
Q

What is the purpose of conchae?

A

To increase the surface area for filtering, warming and humidifying inspired air

38
Q

What are turbinates?

A

Chonchae covered in respiratory epithelium

39
Q

What is the olfactory region?

A

Small apical region of nasal cavity where the olfactory receptors reside

40
Q

What is the choanae?

A

The posterior apertures where the nasal cavity communicates with the nasopharynx

41
Q

What is the innervation of the frontal sinus?

A

sensory fibers from V.1 (supra-orbital)

42
Q

What is the arterial supply of the frontal sinus?

A

Anterior ethmoidal arteries (from opthalmic)

43
Q

Where does the frontal sinus drain to?

A

Into the semilunaris hiatus via the frontonasal duct

44
Q

What is the innervation of the ethmoid sinus?

A

Sensory fibers from V.1 (nasociliary nerve’s ethmoidal branches) and V.2 (orbital branches)

45
Q

What is the arterial supply to the ethmoid sinus?

A

Ethmoidal arteries (from opthalmic)

46
Q

What is the drainage of the anterior portion of the ethmoid sinus?

A

Into the semilunaris hiatus (middle meatus)

47
Q

What is the drainage of the middle portion of the ethmoid sinus?

A

Drains into the ethmoid bulla (middle meatus)

48
Q

What is the drainage of the posterior portion of the ethmoid sinus?

A

Drains into the superior meatus

49
Q

What is the innervation of the sphenoid sinus?

A

Sensory fibers from V.2 (orbital branches)

50
Q

What is the arterial supply of the sphenoid sinus?

A

Pharyngeal arteries (from maxillary)

51
Q

What is the drainage of the sphenoid sinus?

A

Drains into the spheno-ethmoidal recess above the superior concha

52
Q

What is the innervation of the maxillary sinus?

A

Sensory fibers from V.2 (infra-orbital and alveolar branches)

53
Q

What is the blood supply of the maxillary sinus?

A

The infra-orbital and alveolar arteries

54
Q

What is the drainage of the maxillary sinus?

A

Drains into the semilunar hiatus (middle meatus)

55
Q

What drains into the inferior meatus?

A

The nasolacrimal duct drains tears

56
Q

What is the end point of the laryngopharynx?

A

The inferior aspect of the cricoid cartilage

57
Q

Describe the cricoid cartilage

A
  • Shaped like a signet ring
  • Made of hyaline cartilage
  • Only cartilage of the larynx that is a complete ring
58
Q

Where does the epiglottis come from?

A

Behind the thyroid cartilge

59
Q

What is the laryngeal prominence?

A

An important surface landmark, also known as the Adam’s apple

60
Q

What is the vocal fold?

A

A fold inside the mucosa of the larynx containing some elastic fibers in its core

61
Q

Where does the vocal fold run from?

A

The arytenoid cartilage inside the thyroid cartilage to the laryngeal prominence

62
Q

Where is the arytenoid cartilage present?

A

On both sides of the larynx

63
Q

What is the cricothyroid joint?

A

A synovial joint between the thyroid cartilage and the crcioid cartilage at the projection of its inferior horn

64
Q

What muscle runs up the side of the thyroid cartilage bilaterally?

A

The cricothyroid muscles

65
Q

What action does the cricothyroid muscle have?

A

Pulls the thyroid cartilage very slightly towards the cricoid cartilage, causing a slight rotation in the cricothyroid joint, which tenses the vocal folds and raises the pitch, making the voice higher

66
Q

What is the cricothyroid ligament?

A

Ligament joining the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage

67
Q

Describe the thyroid cartilage

A

2 hyaline laminae and laryngeal prominence

68
Q

Describe the cricoid cartilage

A

Signet-shaped hyaline cartilage just inferior to the thyroid

69
Q

Describe the epiglottis

A

spoon shaped elastic plate attached to the thyroid cartilage

70
Q

Describe the arytenoid cartilage

A

Paired pyramidal cartilages that rotate on cricoid cartilage

71
Q

Describe the corniculate cartilage

A

Paired cartilages that lie on the apex of arytenoid cartilages

72
Q

Describe the cuneiform cartilage

A

Paired cartilages in ary-epiglottic folds that have no articulations

Phase 2 4. Neurology (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions