Anatomy of the Eye

Question 1

eyelash/eyebrow

Answer 1

pili of the eye protecting the eyes from dust, sunlight, ect.

Question 2

eyelid (palpebrae)

Answer 2

upper and lower structures anterior to the eyeball that open and close to expose, or protect, respectively, the eyeball

Question 3

tarsal plate

Answer 3

band of C.T. (fibrous & elastic) giving strength & support to the eyelid

Question 4

tarsal (meibomian) gland

Answer 4

modified sebaceous glands of the eyelid that secretes a fluid to keep the eyelids from sticking to each other

Question 5

palpebral conjunctiva

Answer 5

more superficial of the eyelid conjunctiva. Lines the inner surface of the eyelid, so slides over the cornea every time you close your eyes

Question 6

bulbar conjunctiva

Answer 6

deeper layer of conjunctiva of the eyelid that lines the sclera

Question 7

lacrimal glands/ducts

Answer 7

origin of the lacrimal apparatus to produce lacrimal fluid and secrete it (under CN VIII parasym. control) onto the lateral surface of the anterior eye

Question 8

lacrimal canals

Answer 8

superior & inferior ducts running medially from the lacrimal punta (openings in the media lacrimal caruncle) to carry tears to the lacrimal sac)

Question 9

lacrimal sac

Answer 9

vertically oriented sacs medial to the eyes, sitting in the lacrimal fossae of the lacrimal bones, to collect tears from the lacrimal canals & pass them into the nasal cavity

Question 10

cornea

Answer 10

the most anterior part of the fibrous tunic. Curved structure made of squamous epithelium surrounding fibrous C.T.

Question 11

sclera

Answer 11

posterior aspect of the most superficial tunic (fibrous) of the eye. The “white” of the eye. Protects and serves as a point of attachment for the extrinsic eye muscles

Question 12

choroid

Answer 12

most posterior aspect of the vascular tunic. Nourishes the retina deep to it and prevents backscatter of light

Question 13

ciliary processes

Answer 13

medial extensions of the ciliary body of the vascular tunic that tether the lens in place

Question 14

ciliary muscles

Answer 14

smooth (intrinsic) muscles of the vascular tunic, running medially from the ciliary process to the lens and changing the shape of the lens (accommodation)

Question 15

iris

Answer 15

heavily pigmented, most anterior & medial structure of the vascular tunic

Question 16

pigmented layer

Answer 16

superficial of the two retinal (or sensory tunic) layers. Heavily pigmented with melanin to absorb light AFTER it hits the retina to reduce backscatter

Question 17

neural layer

Answer 17

the deepest layer of the eyeball tunics. Part of the retina that sits deep to the pigmented layer. Connects directly to the brain via CN II

Question 18

Photoreceptor, bipolar & ganglionic cell layers

Answer 18

three layers of neurons of the neural layer of the retina that transduce light into vision via the phototransduction cascade. Contains rods & cones

Question 19

Inferior & superior oblique

Answer 19

extrinsic muscles of the eye that aid in “rolling” the eyes!

Question 20

Levator palpebrae

Answer 20

Extrinsic muscle of the eye that opens the eye by lifting the upper palpebra