Anatomy of LL Flashcards
Why does the sacrum tilt slightly forward
Line of gravity. We have a lot of ligaments to prevent this
What is symphysis e.g. pubic symphsis
Cartilaginous joint
Where is the sacroilliac joint
Picture
What kind of joint is the hip
Ball & socket
Where is the acetabulum
Between head of femur and illium
What is the main purpose of ligamentum teres
To supply the blood vessels (artery) in the head of the femur
What’t the thicker lower limb bone (tibia or fibula)
Tibia
What is a condyloid joint
Biaxial joint where one range of movement is greater than the other e.g. the knee
Where are the meniscii
Between the tibia & femur
What is the purpose of the menisci
Shock absorption, improved fit, lubrication, prevention of arthritis
What are the cruiciates
Crossing ligaments in the knee (crossing from anterior to posterior and vice versa). Join femur & tibia
What is PCL & ACL
PCL = posterior cruciate ligament, provides anterior slide of femur on tibia
ACL = anterior cruciate ligament, prevents hyperextension
What movement does the lateral collateral ligament prevent
Adduction
What movement does the medial collateral ligament prevent
Abduction
What joint allows in/eversion
Subtalar joint (talus, calcaneus, navicular all working together)
Where is the iliopsoas muscle & what movements
Picture, flexion at hip
Label thigh compartments on MRI
Lab notes
What are bi-articular muscles
Muscles that can produce movement at 2 joints (hip & knee). Quads and hamstrings. If you use both at once they’re usually doing the opposite
What muscle is right next to the tibia
Tibialis anterior
What actions can the tibia do
Dorsiflexion & inversion
What are the actions at the calcaneous
Plantarflexion
What’s between the tibia & fibula
Interosseous membrane
Label compartments of the leg
Lab notes
What nerve is in the anterior compartment of the thigh & what are it’s movements
Femoral nerve
Hip flexion & knee extensino
What is the femoral nerve vulnerable to
Post hip surgery, under inguinal ligament
What is the obturator nerve vulnerable to
Abdominal surgery
What nerve is in the medial thigh compartment & what are it’s movements
Obturator, adduction
What is the sciatic nerve
Big nerve in posterior compartment of thigh
What are sciatic nerve’s vulnerabilities
Piriformis, can sometimes run through the muscle
What are the sciatic nerves movements
Hip extension and knee flexion
What does the sciatic nerve divide into
Common peroneal (superficial & deep) & tibial
What are the tibial nerves movements
Plantarflexion, foot inversion, toe flexion
What are the movements of the common peroneal nerve
Dorsiflexion, foot inversion, toe extension
What is the first artery of LL
Abdominal aorta
What artery is in the pelvis
External illiac
What artery is in the thigh
Femoral
What artery is in the knee
Popliteal
What artery is in the foot
Dorsalis pedis
Is it had to tourniquet the femoral artery
Yes
What vein is in the foot
Dorsal venous
What is the main function of the superficial veins
Thermoregulation
