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Western > Anatomy: Head > Flashcards

Anatomy: Head Flashcards

1
Q

How many basins are there in the skull?

A

3

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2
Q

What are the three basins in the skull?

A

Anterior cranial fossa,
Middle cranial fossa,
Posterior cranial fossa

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3
Q

What is a concern when the brain swells?

A

Pushed through foramen magnum or other foramina

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4
Q

What cranial fossa is the frontal bone in?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

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5
Q

What cranial fossa is the crista galli in?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

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6
Q

What cranial fossa is the cribiform plate in?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

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7
Q

What cranial fossa is the lesser wing of the sphenoid in?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

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8
Q

What cranial fossa is the greater wing of the sphenoid in?

A

Middle cranial fossa

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9
Q

What is another name for the hypophyseal fossa?

A

Pituitary fossa

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10
Q

What attaches to the crista galli?

A

Dura mater

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11
Q

Does the dorsum sellae lie anterior or posterior to the hypophyseal fossa?

A

Dorsum sellae is posterior to the hypophyseal fossa

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12
Q

What cranial fossa is the temporal bone in?

A

Middle and poster cranial fossas

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13
Q

What bone in the skull has a petrous portion?

A

Temporal

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14
Q

What cranial fossa is the occipital bone in?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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15
Q

How many lobes of the cerebral cortex are there?

A

5

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16
Q

What are the lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula

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17
Q

Where does the frontal lobe sit in the skull?

A

Anterior cranial fossa

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18
Q

Where does the temporal lobe sit in the skull?

A

Middle cranial fossa

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19
Q

What part of the brain sits in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Cerebellum

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20
Q

Where does the occipital lobe sit compared to the parietal lobe?

A

The parietal lobe is above the occipital lobe

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21
Q

Where does the insular lobe sit in the brain?

A

Deep to the temporal lobe along the lateral sulcus

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22
Q

What does ‘gyri’ mean?

A

Bumps/ridges

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23
Q

What does ‘sulci’ mean?

A

Grooves

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24
Q

Where is the pre central gyrus found?

A

Part of frontal lobe; anterior to central sulcus

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25
Q

What does the pre central gyrus do?

A

For primary motor functioning

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26
Q

Where is the post central gyrus found?

A

Part of parietal lobe; posterior to central sulcus

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27
Q

What does the post central gyrus do?

A

For primary sensory information

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28
Q

What separates the two hemispheres of the brain?

A

Longitudinal fissure

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29
Q

What is the area of of the frontal lobe anterior to the pre central gyrus for?

A

Pre-motor area for coordinating highly specialized skills

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30
Q

What area of the brain deals with spatial tasks?

A

Frontal lobe

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31
Q

What area of the brain deals with object recall?

A

Frontal lobe

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32
Q

What area of the brain deals with problem solving?

A

Frontal lobe

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33
Q

What area of the brain deals with task management?

A

Frontal lobe

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34
Q

What lobes does the lateral sulcus divide?

A

Frontal and temporal

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35
Q

What lobes does the central sulcus divide?

A

Frontal and parietal

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36
Q

On what hemisphere does language processing occur?

A

Left side

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37
Q

What is Broca’s area do?

A

The motor ability to form words you want to speak

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38
Q

What is Wernicke’s area do?

A

For processing words and speaking the words you want to be able to say

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39
Q

Where is Broca’s area?

A

Frontal lobe

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40
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area?

A

Mainly temporal lobe and some of parietal lobe

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41
Q

What is the area posterior to the post central gyrus for?

A

Sensory association

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42
Q

Is the language side of the brain always on the left side?

A

No

95% of population has language association on the left hemisphere.

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43
Q

What area of the brain is considered to the the “lie zone”?

A

Left prefrontal cortex

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44
Q

Where does the basal ganglia receive input from?

A

Cortex and other areas

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45
Q

Where does the basal ganglia relay output to?

A

Motor and premotor areas

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46
Q

What movements is the basal ganglia important for?

A

Starting, stopping and monitoring movement

To be able to control intensity of movement in antagonist muscles.

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47
Q

What is the basal ganglia neurotransmitter?

A

Dopamine

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48
Q

What disease lacks dopamine?

A

Parkinsons

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49
Q

What are the symptoms of basal ganglia problems/Parkinsons?

A

Tremor
“Pill rolling” = tremors of hand
Shuffling gait
Rigidity

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50
Q

What sits directly lateral to the thalamus?

A

Basal ganglia: globus pallidus and putamen

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51
Q

What is the extension of the putamen that encircles back behind the thalamus?

A

Caudate

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52
Q

What are the four parts of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus
Epithalamus
Pituitary
Hypothalamus

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53
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Receiving information from body and sending it to the appropriate parts of the brain

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54
Q

What part of the brain is known as the ‘relay centre’?

A

Thalamus

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55
Q

Where is the pineal gland found?

A

In the epithalamus

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56
Q

What does the pineal gland do?

A

Produces melatonin which regulates sleep cycle

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57
Q

What kind of functions does the pituitary gland have?

A

Endocrine

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58
Q

What part of the brain controls and integrates activity of the ANS - which includes heart rate, gut and bladder control?

A

Hypothalamus

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59
Q

What part of the brain regulates body temperature?

A

Hypothalamus

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60
Q

What part of the brain contains the satiety centre?

A

Hypothalamus

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61
Q

What part of the brain regulates thirst?

A

Hypothalamus

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62
Q

What part of the brain is the sleep/wake centre?

A

Hypothalamus

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63
Q

What part of the brain controls the endocrine system?

A

Hypothalamus

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64
Q

What part of the brain controls the formation of memory?

A

Hypothalamus

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65
Q

Where does the pituitary gland sit in relation to the hypothalamus?

A

Pititary gland sits below the hypothalamus

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66
Q

Where does the epithalamus sit in relation to the thalamus?

A

Inferior and slightly posterior to the thalamus

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67
Q

Where does the epithalamus sit in relation to the hypothalamus?

A

Posterior

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68
Q

Where does the hypothalamus sit in relation to the thalamus?

A

Inferior and slightly anterior to the thalamus

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69
Q

What part of the brain is known as the “primitive brain”?

A

Limbic system

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70
Q

What are the two components of the limbic system?

A

Amygdala and hippocampus

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71
Q

Where is the limbic system found in the brain?

A

Temporal lobe

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72
Q

What are the ‘primitive’ responses elicited by the limbic system?

A

Increased heart rate/blood pressure, increased respiration, sweating

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73
Q

What part of the brain monitors emotions such as friendship, love, joy, fear and aggression?

A

Amygdala = Limbic system

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74
Q

What part of the brain associates with stored memories?

A

Limbic system

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75
Q

What other system is the limbic system closely linked to?

A

Olfactory system

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76
Q

Alzheimer’s patients are likely to have damage to which area of the brain?

A

Limbic system

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77
Q

Inability to complete simple tasks because you forget why is a symptom of a lesion in what area of the brain?

A

Limbic system

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78
Q

Inability to recognize objects or faces is a symptom of a lesion in what area of the brain?

A

Limbic system

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79
Q

Consuming things you shouldn’t eat is a symptom of a lesion in what area of the brain?

A

Limbic system

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80
Q

Increased sexual desire but no perforce to gender or species is a symptom of a lesion in what area of the brain?

A

Limbic system

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81
Q

What part of the brain coordinates skeletal muscle action?

A

Cerebellum

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82
Q

What part of the brain compares instructions with performance?

A

Cerebellum

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83
Q

A lesion/damage to what part of the brain would result in disturbances in gait, inability to walk a line heel to toe, fall or tilt towards injured side?

A

Cerebellum

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84
Q

A lesion/damage to what part of the brain results in inability to coordinate muscles for speech?

A

Cerebellum

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85
Q

Outputting information from the right cortex is sent to which side of the body?

A

Left

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86
Q

Outputting information from the right cerebellum is sent to which side of the body?

A

Right

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87
Q

What causes ipsilateral cerebellum output?

A

Information crosses the spinal cord twice.

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88
Q

What are the two parts of the medulla oblongata?

A

Pyramids and olive

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89
Q

What part of the brain stem merges with the spinal cord?

A

Medulla oblongata

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90
Q

What is is the position of the pyramids of the medulla oblongata relative to the olives?

A

The olives sit lateral to the pyramids on the medulla oblongata

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91
Q

What structure is inferior to the diencephalon?

A

Midbrain

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92
Q

What structure are the colliculi in the brain associated with?

A

Midbrain

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93
Q

How many colliculi in the brain are there? What do they look like?

A

2

Small bumps

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94
Q

Arre the colliculi of the midbrain visible to see on a removed brain?

A

No - between the cerebellum and occipital lobe

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95
Q

What structure are visual and auditory reflexes associated with?

A

Midbrain

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96
Q

What cranial nerves are part of the midbrain?

A

Cn N III (occulomotor) and IV (trochlear)

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97
Q

What is the purpose of the pons?

A

Acts like a bridge to other areas of the brain

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98
Q

What cranial nerves are part of the pons?

A

Cn N V (trigeminal), VI (abducens), VII (facial)

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99
Q

What cranial nerves are part of the medulla oblongata?

A

Cn N VIII (vestibulochochlear), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), XI (accessory), XII (hypoglossal)

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100
Q

What part of the brain contains the cardiac centre which adjusts rate and force of heart contractions?

A

Medulla oblongata

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101
Q

What part of the brain contains the vasomotor centre which adjusts blood vessel diameter?

A

Medulla oblongata

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102
Q

What part of the brain contains the respiratory centre which controls rate and depth of breathing?

A

Medulla oblongata

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103
Q

What part of the brain is the reflex centre for coughing, sneezing, gagging, swallowing, committing, salvation sweating, movements of the tongue and head?

A

Medulla oblongata

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104
Q

At what point does the medulla oblongata transition into the spinal cord?

A

When it passes through the foramen magnum

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105
Q

What is cranial nerve I?

A

Olfactory

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106
Q

What is cranial nerve II?

A

Optic

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107
Q

What is cranial nerve III?

A

Oculomotor

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108
Q

What is cranial nerve IV?

A

Trochlear

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109
Q

What is cranial nerve V?

A

Trigeminal

110
Q

What is cranial nerve VI?

A

Abducens

111
Q

What is cranial nerve VII?

A

Facial

112
Q

What is cranial nerve VIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear

113
Q

What is cranial nerve IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal

114
Q

What is cranial nerve X?

A

Vagus

115
Q

What is cranial nerve XI?

A

Accessory

116
Q

What is cranial nerve XII?

A

Hypoglossal

117
Q

What is the area of the brain where the olfactory nerve originates?

A

Very top near midline; has olfactory tract and olfactory bulb

118
Q

What is the area of the brain where the optic nerve originates?

A

From the optic chiasm

119
Q

What is the area of the brain where the oculomotor nerve originates?

A

Midbrain - most medially

120
Q

What is the area of the brain where the trochlear nerve originates?

A

Midbrain (along the side of the pons) - between oculomotor superiorly and trigeminal inferiorly

121
Q

What is the area of the brain where the trigeminal nerve originates?

A

Side of pons - inferior to trochlear

122
Q

What is the area of the brain where the abducens nerve originates?

A

Base of pons above pyramids - most medially

123
Q

What is the area of the brain where the facial nerve originates?

A

Base of pons above olives - with the branches of vestibulocochlear - between abducens superiorly and the branches of glossopharyngeal and vagus inferiorly

124
Q

What is the area of the brain where the vestibulocochlear nerve originates?

A

Side of medulla oblongata (olives) with the branches of facial - between abducens superiorly and the branches of glossopharyngeal and vagus inferiorly

125
Q

What is the area of the brain where the glossopharyngeal nerve originates?

A

Side of medulla oblongata (olives) with the branches of vagus - between vestibulocochlear/facial superiorly and accessory inferiorly

126
Q

What is the area of the brain where the vagus nerve originates?

A

Side of medulla oblongata (olives) with the branches of glossopharyngeal - between vestibulocochlear/facial superiorly and accessory inferiorly

127
Q

What is the area of the brain where the accessory nerve originates?

A

Running down the side of the medulla oblongata below the olives/pyramids

128
Q

What is the area of the brain where the hypoglossal nerve originates?

A

Side of medulla oblongata (pyramids)

129
Q

Which cranial nerves have multiple - visible - nerve roots?

A

Facial (VII) , Vestibulocochlear (VIII), Glossopharyngeal (IX) , Vagus (X), Accessory (XI) , Hypoglossal (XII)

130
Q

What nerve has roots exiting the same place as the facial nerve?

A

Vestibulocochlear

131
Q

What nerve as roots exiting the same place as the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Facial

132
Q

What nerve has roots exiting the same place as the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Vagus

133
Q

What nerve has roots exiting the same place as the vagus nerve?

A

Glossopharyngeal

134
Q

What test is used to check for a lesion in Cn N I?

A

Smell

135
Q

What test is used to check for a lesion in Cn N II?

A

Sight

136
Q

What test is used to check for a lesion in Cn N III?

A

Eye movement medially, and up and down

137
Q

What test is used to check for a lesion in Cn N IV?

A

Eye movement downwards and outwards

138
Q

What test is used to check for a lesion in Cn N V?

A

Sensation on face; ability to chew

139
Q

What test is used to check for a lesion in Cn N VI?

A

Eye movement laterally

140
Q

What test is used to check for a lesion in Cn N VII?

A

Muscles of the face (ability to smile), salvation, taste

141
Q

What test is used to check for a lesion in Cn N VIII?

A

Hearing and balance

142
Q

What test is used to check for a lesion in Cn N IX?

A

Gag reflex, taste, swallowing, salvation

143
Q

What test is used to check for a lesion in Cn N X?

A

Voice

144
Q

What test is used to check for a lesion in Cn N XI?

A

Shrug shoulders, turn head

145
Q

What test is used to check for a lesion in Cn N XII?

A

Stick out tongue

146
Q

What nerve is known as the “wanderer” nerve?

A

Vagus

147
Q

What nerve exits through the cribiform plate?

A

Olfactory (I)

148
Q

What nerve exits through the optical canal?

A

Optic (II)

149
Q

What nerves exit through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), Opthalmic division of Trigeminal (V - 1), Abducens (VI)

150
Q

What nerves exit through the interior auditory meatus?

A

Facial (VII), Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

151
Q

What nerves exit through the jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X), Accessory (XI)

152
Q

What nerve exits through the hypoglossal canal?

A

Hypoglossal (XII)

153
Q

What cranial nerves are (only) motor nerves?

A

Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Abducens (VI), Accessory (XI), Hypoglossal (XII)

154
Q

What cranial nerves are (only) sensory nerves?

A

Olfactory (I), Optic (II), Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

155
Q

What cranial nerves are both motor and sensory?

A

Trigeminal (V), Facial (VII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X)

156
Q

What nerve exits through the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary division of Trigeminal V - 2

157
Q

What nerve exits through the foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular division of Trigeminal V - 3

158
Q

What is the autonomic innervation of facial nerve?

A

Parasympathetic neurons to [stimulate] salivary glands and lacrimal gland (tears)

159
Q

What is the sensory innervation of facial nerve?

A

Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

160
Q

What is the motor innervation of facial nerve?

A

Muscles of facial expression

161
Q

What are the 6 motor branches of facial nerve?

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
Posterior Auricular
162
Q

What does the facial nerve (and dividing branches) pass through when leaving the skull?

A

Parotid gland

163
Q

What is the parotid gland?

A

Major salivary gland

164
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the frontalis muscle?

A

O: Aponeurosis of scalp (attaches to occipitals)
I: Skin of forehead
Function: Elevates eyebrows, pulls scalp forward

165
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the occipitalis muscle?

A

O: Aponeurosis of scalp (attaches to frontalis)
I: Skin of occipital region
Function: Skills skin posteriorly

166
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and function of the orbicular is oculi muscle?

A

O: Medial aspect of eye socket
I: Medial aspect of eye socket
Function: Close eye

167
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the orbicular is oris muscle?

A

O: Fascia and skin of lips
I: Fascia and skin of lips
Function: Pucker mouth

168
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the zygomaticus major/minor muscles?

A

O: Zygomatic arch
I: Angle of mouth
Function: Elevates angles of mouth (smile)

169
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the buccinator muscle?

A

O: Mandible
I: Angle of mouth and lateral portion of upper and lower lips
Function: sucks in mouth (keeps cheeks from blowing out)

170
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the depressor anguli oris?

A

O: Skin and fascia of lips
I: Skin and fascia of lips
Function: Depresses angles of mouth (frown)

171
Q

What area does the platysma cover?

A

Carotid triangle

172
Q

What are the two muscles that lift the eyebrow/eye lid?

A

Frontalis and levator palpebrae superioris

173
Q

What is the function of the levator labii superioris?

A

Raise the upper lip

174
Q

What is the function of the depressor labii inferioris?

A

Lower the lower up

175
Q

What muscle of the mouth aids in grimacing?

A

Risorius

176
Q

What is the function of the risorius?

A

Pulls the corner of the mouth laterally

177
Q

What is the function of the nasalis?

A

Scrunch nose

178
Q

What is Bell’s Palsy?

A

Temporary loss of function of facial muscles do to VII nerve compression. Can lead to permanent damage.

179
Q

Chordae tympani is a branch of what cranial nerve?

A

Facial (VII)

180
Q

Chordae tympani runs with which nerve?

A

Lingual nerve - V - 3

181
Q

What are the functions of chordae tympani?

A

Autonomic (secretomotor) to the salivary glands and sensory/taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

182
Q

Where are tears released from?

A

Lacrimal gland

183
Q

Greater petrosal nerve is a branch of what cranial nerve?

A

Facial (VII)

184
Q

What type of nerve function does the greater petrosal nerve have?

A

Secretomotor

185
Q

What stimulates the lacrimal gland?

A

Greater petrosal nerve

186
Q

What type of functioning losses would result from a lesion to the pons?

A

Motor, sensory, and secretomotor

187
Q

Inflammation to the parotid gland would result in what type of symptoms?

A

Loss of facial expression muscles

188
Q

The parotid duct runs with which nerve?

A

Buccal branch of VII

189
Q

After passing through the internal auditory meatus, how does Cn N VII exit the skull?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

190
Q

Does the chordae tympani branch off of VII before or after the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Before

191
Q

Does the greater petrosal nerve branch off of VII before or after the stylomastoid foramen?

A

Before

192
Q

If there was a lesion just after the R stylomastoid foramen, what would be the results?

A

Loss of muscles of facial expression on the R side

193
Q

What is the terminal branch of VI?

A

Supraorbital nerve

194
Q

What is the terminal branch of V2?

A

Infraorbital nerve

195
Q

What is the terminal branch of V3?

A

Mental

196
Q

What is significant about the foramen for the terminal branches of Cn N V?

A

They are all vertically in line

197
Q

Which of the three divisions of Cn N V has 4 additional sensory branches?

A

Cn N V - 3: Mandibular branch

198
Q

What are the branches of V3?

A

Buccal,
Lingual
Inferior alveolar
Auriculotemporal

199
Q

What is the difference between the buccal branch of V3 and the buccal branch of VII?

A

Buccal branch of V3 is sensory

Buccal branch of VII is motor

200
Q

What is the nerve that dentists try to anesthetize?

A

Inferior alveolar

201
Q

Where does the V3 - buccal branch travel to?

A

Sensory to cheek

202
Q

Where does the V3 - lingual branch travel to?

A

Sensory to tongue (with chordae tympani)

203
Q

Where does the V3 - inferior alveolar branch travel to?

A

Travels through mandibular foramen and out mental foramen = mental nerve (sensory to teeth)

204
Q

Where does the V3 - auriculotemporal branch travel to?

A

Sensory to skin posterior to ear

205
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

V3

206
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the temporalis muscle?

A

O: Fascia of skull
I: Coranoid process of mandible
Function: Close/elevate jaw, retract jaw

207
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the masseter muscle?

A

O: Zygomatic process
I: Angle of mandible
Function: Close/elevate jaw, assists in protruding jaw

208
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the lateral pterygoid?

A

O: Lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
I: Head of mandible and articular disc
Function: Protrude jaw

209
Q

What is the origin, insertion and function of the medial pterygoid?

A

O: Lateral pterygoid plate of phenoid
I: Angle of mandible
Function: Close/elevate jaw, assists in protruding jaw

210
Q

Of the pterygoid muscles, which one is larger?

A

Medial pterygoid

211
Q

What are the superficial mastication muscles?

A

Temporalis and masseter

212
Q

What are the deep mastication muscles?

A

Lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid

213
Q

What muscle runs in the same direction and assist the masseter muscle in mastication?

A

Medial pterygoid

214
Q

Which muscle group allows the jaw to move from side to side?

A

Medial and lateral pterygoids

215
Q

At what joint do the mastication muscles act?

A

Temporomandibular joint

216
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Hinge and gliding joint (synovial)

217
Q

What region of the temporal bone is considered to contain the articular tubercle and mandibular fossa?

A

Squamous part of temporal bone

218
Q

What region of the temporal bone is considered to contain the styloid process and external auditory meatus?

A

Tympanic part of temporal bone

219
Q

Where does the mandibular head sit?

A

Mandibular fossa on the temporal bone

220
Q

What prevents the head of the mandible from sliding forward?

A

Articular tubercle on temporal bone

221
Q

What part of the temporal bone does the articular tubercle come from?

A

Zygomatic process

222
Q

Where is the styloid process relative to the head of the mandible?

A

Posterior

223
Q

Where is the styloid process relative to the external auditory meatus?

A

Inferior

224
Q

Where is the styloid process relative to the tympanic part of the temporal bone?

A

Anterior

225
Q

Where is the external auditory meatus relative to the tympanic part of the temporal bone?

A

Anterior

226
Q

What soft tissue helps to stabilize the TMJ?

A

Joint capsule and lateral ligament

227
Q

What sits in the mandibular fossa that helps with the gliding, and up and down motion?

A

Upper and lower joint cavities

228
Q

Where is the articular disc relative to the joint cavities?

A

Sits in-between the upper and lower joint cavities

229
Q

What part of the TMJ moves with the mandibular head?

A

Articular disc

230
Q

What muscle is attached to the articular disc?

A

Lateral pterygoid

231
Q

What problems could a displaced articular disc cause?

A

Problems protruding jaw

232
Q

What muscles allow you to elevate the jaw?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid

233
Q

What allows you to depress the jaw?

A

Gravity
Anterior digastric
Mylohyoid and other [unnamed] hyoid

234
Q

What muscles allow you to protrude the jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid

  • assisted by* medial pterygoid
  • assisted by* masseter
235
Q

What muscles allow you to retract the jaw?

A

Temporalis

Posterior digastric

236
Q

What are the two layers of dura mater?

A

Periosteal and meningeal

237
Q

What is the periosteal dura mater attached to?

A

Inside of the skull - attached to bone

238
Q

What is the meningeal dura mater attached to?

A

Arachnoid mater

239
Q

What layer is deep to the dura mater?

A

Subdural space

240
Q

What layer is deep to the subdural space?

A

Arachnoid mater

241
Q

What layer is deep to the arachnoid mater?

A

Subarachnoid space

242
Q

What layer is deep to to the subarachnoid space?

A

Pia mater

243
Q

Where is cerebral spinal fluid found?

A

Subarachnoid space

244
Q

Where are blood vessels found (in layers surrounding brain)?

A

Subarachnoid space

245
Q

What layer - surrounding the skull - are venous sinuses found?

A

Between the periosteal and meningeal dura mater layers

246
Q

What drains CSF into venous sinuses?

A

Arachnoid villi

247
Q

What act like veins surrounding the brain?

A

Venous sinuses

248
Q

What do the venous sinuses?

A

Direct blood back towards the heart

249
Q

What do all dural sinuses drain into (eventually)?

A

Internal jugular vein

250
Q

How does the internal jugular vein get out of the skull?

A

Jugular foramen

251
Q

What is the purpose of dual partitions of the head?

A

Separate different parts of the brain

252
Q

What is separated by the faux cerebrae?

A

Right and left hemispheres

253
Q

What is separated by tentorium cerebelli?

A

Cerebellum and cortex

254
Q

The faux cerebrae and tentorium cerebelli are examples of what?

A

Dura partitions

255
Q

A midsagital cross section of the brain would allow you to see which two sinuses running from anterior to posterior around the brain?

A

Superior sagital sinus

Inferior sagital sinus

256
Q

What separates the superior sagital sinus and inferior sagital sinus?

A

Faux cerebrae

257
Q

Where is the cavernous sinus found?

A

On either side of the pituitary gland

258
Q

Where does the cavernous sinus drain from?

A

Midbrain

259
Q

What drains into the internal jugular vein?

A

Sigmoid sinus

260
Q

What drains into the sigmoid sinus?

A

Transverse sinus
Superior petrosal sinus
Inferior petrosal sinus

261
Q

What drains into the transverse sinus?

A

Superior sagital sinus

Straight sinus

262
Q

What drains into the straight sinus?

A

Inferior sagital sinus

Great cerebral vein

263
Q

What does the cavernous sinus drain into?

A

Superior petrosal sinus

Inferior petrosal sinus

264
Q

What is the purpose of the CSF?

A

Keeps brain ionic concentration

Protects brain

265
Q

Where does CSF come from?

A

Fluid leaking from capillaries and pH regulating cells in the ventricles

266
Q

What is a cerebral ventricle?

A

Open space that produces CSF

267
Q

What are the 3 CSF producing ventricles in the brain?

A

3rd ventricle
Lateral ventricle
4th ventricle

268
Q

Where is the 3rd ventricle?

A

Midbrain (at midline)

269
Q

Where is the lateral ventricle?

A

Centre of brain - wrapping around the 3rd ventricle

270
Q

Which ventricle would you not be able to see on a mid-saggital section?

A

Lateral

271
Q

Which ventricle is continuous with the central canal in spinal cord?

A

Fourth

Western (14 decks)

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