Anatomy - Block 2 Flashcards
Which is more superior? The thyroid or cricoid cartilage?
Thyroid = Superior Cricord = Inferior
Another name for conchae
Turbinate bones
What are enlarged pharangeal tonsils called?
Adenoids
What are the pillars of fauces?
Where are they found?
Palatoglossal fold, palatopharangeal fold and palatine tonsil
In a depression called the tonsillar fossa
What fold is found between the epiglottis and arytenoid carilage?
Aryepiglottic fold
What is the superior vocal fold called?
Ventricular fold OR Vestibular fold
They mean the same thing
What is the piriform fossa?
A recess on either side of the laryngeal orifice
What is another name for the primary bronchi?
Principal bronchi
What vertebral level is the: Hyoid bone Cricoid cartilage Suprasternal notch Sternal angle
Hyoid bone: C4
Cricoid cartilage: C6
Suprasternal notch: T2
Sternal angle: T4/5
Which fissue of the lung is found on both lungs?
Oblique
What order do the pulmonary veins, pulmonary arteries and bronchi enter the hilum in the right and left lung?
Bronchus always behind veins
Right lung: Artery anterior to bronchus
Left lung: Artery superior to bronchus
Right anterior left superior in relation to the artery
Which is more medial; the vagus or phrenic nerve?
Vagus more medial
Closer to the heart
Where are the lymph nodes found?
Near the bifurcation of the trachea
Where is the thoracic duct found?
Posterior to oesophagus; bewteen descending thoracic aorta and azygous vein
What is the pentagon-like shape at the top of the sternum called?
Manubrium of the sternum
Name a palm-tree-shaped muscle which extends from the mid-auxillary line
What type of muscle is it?
Serratus anterior
Accessory inspiratory muscle
What direction does the internal intercostal muscle run in?
UP
What direction does the external intercostal muscle run in?
DOWN
What are the three attachments of the ribs?
Vertebral attachments
Sternal attachments
Costochondral joints
What are the three hiatuses in the diaphragm?
What passes through them?
What vertebral levels are they at?
Caval hiatus: Inferior vena cava (T8)
Oesophageal hiatus: Oesophagus, Anterior and posterior vagal trunks (T10)
Aortic hiatus: Aorta, Azygous vein, Thoracic duct (T12)
What is another name for the diaphramatic border of the heart?
Inferior border
How many pulmonary veins are there?
4
What are the three surfaces of the heart called?
Sternocostal surface (anterior of the heart) Diaphragmatic surface (inferior of the heart) Posterior surface/Base (posterior of the heart)
What is the opposite to the foramen ovali?
Fossa ovalis
What is the rough part of the atria called?
Musculi pectinati
What is the partition between the rough and smooth parts of the atria called?
Crista terminalis
Where are the auricles found?
On top of the atria
What is the rough part of the ventricle called?
Trabeculae carnae
What is the smooth part of the ventricle called?
Infundibulum
How does blood leave the ventricles?
Via the outflow tract
What structure bulges into the right ventricle
The interventricular septum
What intercostal space are the aortic and pulmonary valves found in?
2nd intercostal space
What is found below the aortic sinuses?
The aortic valve cusps
What are the branches of the right coronary artery?
Right coronary artery –> Marginal Artery –> Posterior descending artery
What are the branches of the left coronary artery?
Left coronary artery –> Left anterior descending coronary artery + Circumflex coronary artery
What else drains into the right atria?
Coronary sinuses
What are the three branches of the aortic arch? (IN ORDER)
Which one branches further and what does it branch into? (IN ORDER)
Brachiocephalic trunk - Left common carotid - Left subclavian
Brachiocephalic trunk - Right subclavian - Right common carotid
Where does the descending thoracic aorta run?
Where does it bifurcate?
Between sternal angle (T4) and T12
Bifurcates at L4
Where does the azygous vein drain blood from?
Bronchi, diaphragm, oesophagus, pericardium, posterior abdominal wall, posterior intercostal space
Where does the abdominal aorta begin?
What dos it run parallel to?
Where does it bifurcare?
Begins at T12 (aortic hiatus)
Runs parallel to the inferior vena cava
Bifurcates at L4
Where do the common iliac arteries originate from?
Where do they bifurcate themselves?
What do they bifurcate into?
Originate from the aortic bifurcation
Bifurcate themselves at the sarcoiliac joint into the internal and external
What do the common iliac veins originate from?
From the anastomosis of the external and internal iliac veins
Where does the inferior vena cava originate?
What does it originate form?
L5
From the anastomosis of the right and left iliac veins
What is the role of the renal arteries?
Where do they begin?
To drain the kidney
L1
What are the two types of gonadal veins?
Where do they originate?
What does the left and right gonasal veins drain into?
Ovarian and Testicular
T2
Left gonadal drains into the left renal
Right gonadal drains into the vena cava
Where do the hepatic veins originate?
Where do they drain?
Liver
Vena cava
What are the three bones which help find the position of the femoral artery?
Pubic symphysis
Pubic tubercle
Iliac spine
What do the external and internal iliac arteries supply?
External: Lower limb
Internal: Pelvic organs and gluteal region
What two vessels are in the femoral triangle?
What is the femoral triangle?
Femoral artery and vein
A depression at the front of the thigh
What two vessels are in the popliteal fossa?
What is the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal artery and vein
A diamond shaped depression behind the knee
Where is the posterior tibial artery?
Behind the medial malleotous
What is a useful landmark for finding the radial artery?
The flexor carpi radialias
Where does the subclavian artery become the auxillary artery?
At the lateral border of the first rib
What are the main branches of the subclavian artery?
Costocervical trunk Dorsal scapular artery Internal thoracic Thyrocervical trunk Vertebral
Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate?
C4
Upper border of the thyroid cartilage
Where does the facial artery run?
Anterior to the masseter muscle
