Anatomy - Block 1

Question 1

Bones of the leg?

Answer 1

Upper leg: Femur

Lower Leg: Tibia (medial) and Fibula (lateral)

Question 2

Bones of the arm?

Answer 2

Upper arm: Humerus

Lower arm: Ulnar (medial) and Radius (lateral)

Question 3

Supination

Answer 3

Palm upward

Question 4

Pronation

Answer 4

Palm downward

Question 5

Tuberosity

Answer 5

Large and rough bony lump

Roughening on a bone –> muscle attachment

Question 6

Tubercle

Answer 6

Small rounded bony lump

Question 7

Trochanter

Answer 7

Large round bony lump at the end of the femur

Question 8

Spine

Answer 8

Large/sharp bony projection

Question 9

Crest

Answer 9

Superior projection/ridge on a bone

Question 10

Fissure

Answer 10

Crack in a bone for blood vessel passage

Question 11

Meatus

Answer 11

Opening of a canal

Question 12

Notch

Answer 12

Indentation on a bone

Question 13

Process

Answer 13

Natural outgrowth of a bone

Question 14

Condyle

Answer 14

Knob-like bony process

Question 15

Epicondyle

Answer 15

Small bony outgrowth similar to a condyle

Question 16

Facet

Answer 16

Small and smooth bony surface coated with articular cartilage
Tendon attachment

Question 17

Where is connective tissue found?
What does it do?
What is it made from?

Answer 17

Between organs and tissues
Provides structural and metabolic support
Made from cells embedded with fibres in an extracellular matrix

Question 18

What is extracellular matrix made from?

Name 3 specialised forms

Answer 18

Protein and polysaccharides secreted by cells

Tendons, cartilage and cornea

Question 19

Blood and nerve supply to cartilage
What does cartilage contain
Two types of cartilage

Answer 19

NONE
Elastin and collagen
Smooth (e.g. joints) and rigid (e.g. trachea)

Question 20

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

What does it look like?

Answer 20

Synovial joints

Shiny

Question 21

What does elastic cartilage do?

Example

Answer 21

Support soft tissues

Ear

Question 22

What does fibrocartilage do? How?

Answer 22

Support heavy weight-bearing areas

Tough due to increased collagen

Question 23

Femoral triangle

Answer 23

LEG

inside) Femoral vein –> Femoral artery –> Femoral nerve (outside

Question 24

Carotid triangle

Answer 24

HEAD

inside) Carotid artery –> Vagus nerve –> Internal Jugular vein (outside

Question 25

Define stratified

Answer 25

Many layers

Question 26

Define squamous

Answer 26

Flat cells

Question 27

What does keratin do

Answer 27

Stops things from drying up

Question 28

Explain how a MRI scan works How is a 3D image formed? Why do bones show as negative?

Answer 28

A magnet alligns protons Radiofrequency pulse causes the protons to FLIP The time taken for the protons to flip back is measured Images are taken from all 3 planes --> 3D images Bones have no protons so show as negative

Question 29

T1 MRI

Answer 29

DARK PARTS: Fluid | BRIGHT PARTS: Fat

Question 30

T2 MRI

Answer 30

DARK PARTS: Fat | BRIGHT PARTS: Fluid

Question 31

How do you distinguish between an X-Ray, CT and MRI

Answer 31

X-Ray: white bones, no organs CT: white bones, organs MRI: black bones, organs (T1: white fat, black fluid) (T2: white fluid, black fat)