Anatomy: Axilla/Pectoral

Question 0

Pectoralis Minor

Answer 0

O: 3, 4, and 5 rib close to costal cartilage
Ins: medial border and upper surface of coracoid process.
Inv: lateral and medial pectoral nerves.
A: stabilize scapula, depress and protract scapula.

Question 1

Pectoralis Major

Answer 1

O: Clavicular head- medial half of anterior portion of clavicle. Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, upper six costal cartilages.
Ins: lateral lip of the bicipital groove
Inv: medial and lateral pectoral nerves
A: adduction, medial rotation, flexion of arm at shoulder joint

Question 2

What travels in the spiral groove?

Answer 2

1. radial nerve
2. profundi brachial artery
3. profundi brachial vein

Question 3

What are the three cords of the brachial plexus, and where are they?

Answer 3

1. Lateral cord
2. Medial cord
3. Posterior cord (posterior to artery)

They are all located in the Axilla.

Question 4

What are the three sections of the Subclavian Artery?

Answer 4

1. Subclavian Artery
2. Axillary Artery
3. Brachial Artery

Question 5

Where does the Axillary artery terminate? Where does it begin?

Answer 5

Lower border of Teres Major. Begins at the outer border of the first rib.

Question 6

What are the three parts of the Axillary Artery?

Answer 6

1. First Branch: supreme thoracic artery
2. 2nd Branch: a) thoracoacromial artery, b) lateral thoracic artery
3. 3rd Branch: a) subscapular artery, b) anterior circumflex humeral artery, c) posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 7

When is it the Axillary Vein? When does it end? What joins it?

Answer 7

When the Brachial and Basilic Veins join (at the lower border of the Teres Major). Ends at the lateral border of the first rib and becomes the Subclavian Vein (just like the artery). It receives the Cephalic Vein.

Question 8

What are the roots of the Brachial Plexus derived from?

Answer 8

The roots of the Ventral Rami of C5-T1.

Question 9

What are the names of the trunks of the brachial plexus?

Answer 9

Upper, Middle, Lower

Question 10

All three trunks divide into what?

Answer 10

All three trunks divide into an Anterior and Posterior division.

Question 11

What are the names of the cords?

Answer 11

Lateral, Medial, Posterior

Question 12

What are the terminal branches of the lateral cord?

Answer 12

Musculocutaneous nerve and median nerve

Question 13

What are the terminal branches of the medial cord?

Answer 13

Ulnar Nerve and Median Nerve

Question 14

What are the terminal branches of the Posterior Nerve?

Answer 14

Axillary nerve and Radial nerve.

Question 15

What 3 branches come off the posterior cord in the brachioplexus? (Where do they go?)

Answer 15

1. Upper Subscapular (subscapularis)
2. Thoracodorsal (latissimus dorsi)
3. Lower Subscapular (subscapularis, teres major)