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Endocrine > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is Diencephalon?

A

Thalamus and Hypothalamus
forms the central core of the cerebrum

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2
Q

How PG and Hypothalamus are connected?

A

By infundibulum (funnel) or pituitary stalk

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3
Q

Anterior lobe of PG?

A

Anterior lobe (Adenohypophysis):
-pars distalis
-pars tuberalis
-pars intermedia

synthesis and release most of the PG hormones:
GH (Growth hormone)
TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)
ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophic hormone)
FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone)
LH (Luteinising hormone)
PRL (Prolactin)

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4
Q

Posterior lobe of PG?

A

AKA Neuroypophysis
-pars nervosa
Release Oxytocin and ADH (*synthesised in hypothalamus)

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5
Q

Identify the parts of the PG lobes on the pic?

A
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6
Q

where is the location of PG?

A

-PG is a midline structure in **pituitary fossa **and **sphenoid bone **
-Pituitary fossa lies in sella turcica
-lies inferior to optic chiasma

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7
Q

PG
found in——-
connected to brain via ——
Closely related to —–

A

Stella Turcica
Pituitary stalk
Sphenoid Sinus

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8
Q

What nerves are in danger in PG surgical approach?

A

Oculomotor nerve (CNIII)
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve (CN V1)
Axillary division of trigeminal nerve (CN V2)
Abducent nerve (CN VI)

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9
Q

Fill up the blanks for the Visual pathway?

A
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10
Q

How does PG tumour affects Visual pathway? what does the condition called?

A

Disrupts transmission of AP from nasal retina bilaterally due to impingement from PG tumour–>
Patient loses the ability to see inn temporal side of visual field bilaterally–>
This is known as Bitemporal hemianopia

Impingement and compression from the enlarged PG

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11
Q

What are the two surgical approaches to the PG?

A

**Transcranial approach **
(subfrontal – inferior to frontal lobe)
Transsphenoidal (via nasal cavities and sphenoid sinus)

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12
Q

Fill up the blanks for Osteology of the nasal cavities?

A
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13
Q

Fill the blanks for nasal conchae of the lateral wall of the nasal cavities

A
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14
Q

Fill the blanks

A
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15
Q

Le forte fractures of the facal skeleton

A
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16
Q

fill the blanks for the floor of cranial fossae

A
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17
Q

Identify the netves on floor of the cranial fossae

A
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18
Q

Dural Venous Sinuses is —— within ——- that drain most of venos blood form ——-(including brain) into ——–.

A

Venos channels within Dura matter that drain most of venos blood form cranial cavity (including brain) into internal jugular veins.

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19
Q

Dura Venos Sinuses are NOT histoloically vens but function like them. T/F

A

T

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20
Q

Fill the blanks

A
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21
Q

What are the Structures (nerves, arteries etc) at risk in PG surgery?
Name them, explain their funcion and functional deficit

A
22
Q
A
23
Q
A
24
Q
A
25
Q
A
26
Q
A
27
Q

Fill the blanks for Neck surface Anatomy

A
28
Q

Fill the blanks

A
29
Q

Platysma muscles:
Located immediately deep to the —- within —- of neck.
Belongs to group muscles called “——-“
Innervated by ——–

A

Located immediately deep to the Skin within Superficial fascia of neck.
Belongs to group muscles called “ muscles of facial expression”
Innervated by CN VII (facial nerve)

30
Q

Fascial Compartments of Neck

A
31
Q

What is that space and its function?

A

Infection transports form all fascia and goes to mediastinum via this space

32
Q

Fill the blanks about Carotid Sheaths

A
33
Q

Thyroid gland is within —- fascia.

A

Pretracheal fascia

34
Q

Fill the blanks for Strap muscles

A
35
Q

Thyroid Gland (TG) consists of two lateral lobes —-and— which are connected with a band called—–.

A

right and left
isthmus

36
Q

TG lobes attach to the lateral aspect of —and —- cartilages and to trchea.

A

thyroid and cricoid

37
Q

Isthmus lies anterior to 2nd and 3rd cartilages of—–

A

trachea

38
Q

Fill the blanks for the parathyroid glands.

A
39
Q

Pyramidal lobe pf TG most commontly originates from —- —- lobe. Mostly attaches superiorly to —– cartilage.

A

left lateral
thyroid

40
Q

Fill up the blanks for TG and Parathyroid glands?

A
41
Q

Fill the blanks for Venous drainage of TG and Parathyroid glands

A
42
Q

Lymphatic drainage of thyroid and parathyroid glands.

A
43
Q

Fill the blanks

A
44
Q

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

A
45
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerves
(Recurrent= when the nerve wraps around the aorta and goes up to the back of the larynx)

A
46
Q

During classical Thyroidectomy incision, a —– incision is made within a natural skin crease or in the direction of ——
Incision should be just superior to —— and ——- notch
The incision is made through skin and ——-

A

A “collar” incision is made within a natural skin crease or in the direction of Langer’s lines
Incision should be just superior to clavicles and jugular notch
The incision is made through skin and platysma

Langer’s lines= lines of skin tension

47
Q

Fill the blanks for the first structures that become visible after Classical Thyroidectomy incision

A
48
Q

Fill up the blanks for the second structures that become visible after Classical Thyroidectomy incision

A
49
Q

Fill up the blanks for the third structures that become visible after Classical Thyroidectomy incision

A
50
Q

Fill up the blanks for the forth structures that become visible after Classical Thyroidectomy incision

A
51
Q

Fill up the blanks for the last structures that become visible after Classical Thyroidectomy incision and its risk factors

A
52
Q

PG found in——-

A

Stella Turcica

Endocrine (28 decks)

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