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X Anatomy 1A > Anatomical Terminology > Flashcards

Anatomical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomical terminology?

A

precise scientific terms used to describe the body

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2
Q

Why is anatomical terminology used?

A

for precise communication among health professionals and scientists

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3
Q

What are terms of direction used for?

A

to accurately and uniformily describe where something is in the body relative to another structure in the body in anatomical position

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4
Q

What is anatomical position for a human?

A

standing with erect posture, facing forwards with arms to the side and palms forwards

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5
Q

What are terms of movement used for?

A

to describe the actions of muscle on the skeleton with the body in anatomical position

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6
Q

What is the anatomical position for quadrapeds?

A

stood square with head facing forwards

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7
Q

What does superior mean?

A

towards the head§

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8
Q

what does inferior mean?

A

towards the feet

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9
Q

what does medial mean?

A

towards the midline

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10
Q

what does lateral mean?

A

away from the midline

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11
Q

what is the midline/sagital plane?

A

invisible line down the centre of a human while in anatomical position

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12
Q

What does anterior mean?

A

towards the front

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13
Q

What does posterior mean?

A

towards the back

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14
Q

What does proximal mean?

A

the part of the limb closest to the body

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15
Q

what does distal mean?

A

the part of the limb further from the body

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16
Q

what is the back of the hand in anatomical position known as?

A

dorsal

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17
Q

What is the front of the hand known as in anatomical position?

A

palmar

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18
Q

What is the top of the foot known as in anatomical position?

A

dorsal

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19
Q

what is the bottom of the foot in anatomical position known as?

A

plantar

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20
Q

In quadrapeds how should you refur to things towards the head?

A

cranial

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21
Q

In quadrapeds how should you refur to things towards the tail?

A

caudal

22
Q

In quadrapeds how should you refur to things towards the back?

A

dorsal

23
Q

In quadrapeds how should you refur to things towards the belly?

A

ventral

24
Q

Are the descriptions proximal and distal used for the same descriptions in humans and quadrapeds?

A

yes

25
Q

Are the descriptions medial and lateral used for the same descriptions in humans and quadrapeds?

A

yes

26
Q

Superior to the knee (carpus) and hock () joints how should the front and back of the legs be refurred to in quadrapeds?

A

cranial or caudal

27
Q

Inferior to the knee (carpus) and hock () joints how should the front and back of the legs be refurred to in quadrapeds?

A

dorsal (towards head) on both front and back legs, and palmar for front legs and plantar for back legs

28
Q

What does rostral mean?

A

towards the nose

29
Q

What is flexion?

A

decrease of the angle between two bones/structures

30
Q

What is extension?

A

increase of the angle between two bones/structures

31
Q

Define adduction

A

movement towards the midline

32
Q

Define abduction

A

movement away from the midline

33
Q

What is pronation?

A

placement of the palm downwards

34
Q

What is supination?

A

placement of palm upwards

35
Q

What is the sagital plane of section?

A

down the midline (centre of the body)

36
Q

What are the parasagittal/paramedial plane of section?

A

parallel to the sagital/midline plane but off centre

37
Q

How do transverse/horizontal sections divide the body?

A

top to bottom, parallel to the ground

38
Q

How does a frontal/coronal plane divide the body?

A

front to back

39
Q

How does a transverse section differ between humans and quadrupeds?

A

divides cranial and cordal parts as opposed to superior and inferior

40
Q

What is the dorsal section of a quadruped?

A

divides the dorsal and ventral halves of the body horizontally

41
Q

How is a cross section of tissues cut?

A

cut directly transverse through the tissue

42
Q

What is an oblique section of a tissue?

A

cross section but on an angle

43
Q

What is a longitudinal section?

A

along the long axis of a structure

44
Q

What does superficial refer to?

A

close to the skin/surface

45
Q

What does deep refer to?

A

further into a structure

46
Q

Give the prefixes used to describe above

A

supra-, epi-

47
Q

Give the prefixes used to describe below

A

infra-, hypo-,

48
Q

Give the prefix used to describe behind

A

retro-

49
Q

Give the prefix to describe around

A

circum-

50
Q

give the prefix used to describe next to

A

juxta-

X Anatomy 1A (10 decks)

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