Anatomical Terminology Flashcards
What is anatomical terminology?
precise scientific terms used to describe the body
Why is anatomical terminology used?
for precise communication among health professionals and scientists
What are terms of direction used for?
to accurately and uniformily describe where something is in the body relative to another structure in the body in anatomical position
What is anatomical position for a human?
standing with erect posture, facing forwards with arms to the side and palms forwards
What are terms of movement used for?
to describe the actions of muscle on the skeleton with the body in anatomical position
What is the anatomical position for quadrapeds?
stood square with head facing forwards
What does superior mean?
towards the head§
what does inferior mean?
towards the feet
what does medial mean?
towards the midline
what does lateral mean?
away from the midline
what is the midline/sagital plane?
invisible line down the centre of a human while in anatomical position
What does anterior mean?
towards the front
What does posterior mean?
towards the back
What does proximal mean?
the part of the limb closest to the body
what does distal mean?
the part of the limb further from the body
what is the back of the hand in anatomical position known as?
dorsal
What is the front of the hand known as in anatomical position?
palmar
What is the top of the foot known as in anatomical position?
dorsal
what is the bottom of the foot in anatomical position known as?
plantar
In quadrapeds how should you refur to things towards the head?
cranial
In quadrapeds how should you refur to things towards the tail?
caudal
In quadrapeds how should you refur to things towards the back?
dorsal
In quadrapeds how should you refur to things towards the belly?
ventral
Are the descriptions proximal and distal used for the same descriptions in humans and quadrapeds?
yes
Are the descriptions medial and lateral used for the same descriptions in humans and quadrapeds?
yes
Superior to the knee (carpus) and hock () joints how should the front and back of the legs be refurred to in quadrapeds?
cranial or caudal
Inferior to the knee (carpus) and hock () joints how should the front and back of the legs be refurred to in quadrapeds?
dorsal (towards head) on both front and back legs, and palmar for front legs and plantar for back legs
What does rostral mean?
towards the nose
What is flexion?
decrease of the angle between two bones/structures
What is extension?
increase of the angle between two bones/structures
Define adduction
movement towards the midline
Define abduction
movement away from the midline
What is pronation?
placement of the palm downwards
What is supination?
placement of palm upwards
What is the sagital plane of section?
down the midline (centre of the body)
What are the parasagittal/paramedial plane of section?
parallel to the sagital/midline plane but off centre
How do transverse/horizontal sections divide the body?
top to bottom, parallel to the ground
How does a frontal/coronal plane divide the body?
front to back
How does a transverse section differ between humans and quadrupeds?
divides cranial and cordal parts as opposed to superior and inferior
What is the dorsal section of a quadruped?
divides the dorsal and ventral halves of the body horizontally
How is a cross section of tissues cut?
cut directly transverse through the tissue
What is an oblique section of a tissue?
cross section but on an angle
What is a longitudinal section?
along the long axis of a structure
What does superficial refer to?
close to the skin/surface
What does deep refer to?
further into a structure
Give the prefixes used to describe above
supra-, epi-
Give the prefixes used to describe below
infra-, hypo-,
Give the prefix used to describe behind
retro-
Give the prefix to describe around
circum-
give the prefix used to describe next to
juxta-
