Amino Acids The Building Blocks of Proteins Flashcards
1
Q
Generic Amino Acid
A
- alpha-amino group bonded to a the alpha carbon
- alpha carbon covalently bonded
- alpha-carboxyl group bonded to alpha carbon
- N termini to C termini
2
Q
In terms of epigenetics
A
- modify Lys and arg residues
- modifications of histones
3
Q
Hydrophobic (neutral) R groups
A
- R groups are all hydrocarbons
- interact with each other, lipid surfaces, or other hydrophobic groups (bases in nucleic acids)
- do not react well with H2O
4
Q
Hydrophilic (neutral) R groups
A
- partial charges
5
Q
Acidic R groups
A
- have full negative charges
6
Q
Basic R groups
A
- have full positive charges.
7
Q
Acid and Basic R groups
A
- have full charges due to polar covalent bonds resulting in unequal sharing.
8
Q
The distinction between hydrophobic and hydrophilic
A
- is not sharp.
- there is complete gradation between very hydrophobic and very hydrophilic.
9
Q
hydropathy
A
- help predict structure of proteins using gradation
10
Q
Aromatic Amino Acids
A
- 6 membered ring
- absorb near UV light
- conjugated, alternating double bonds.
- Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan
11
Q
The aliphatic amino acids
A
- not aromatic.
12
Q
Cysteine cross-linking proteins in reduced form
A
- The sulfhydryl groups are separate on each backbone
13
Q
Cysteine cross-linking proteins in oxidized form
A
- involved in cross linking proteins
- crosslinks two separate proteins or different regions of the same protein.
- H2O is released
- stabilizes the 3D structure of proteins
14
Q
Modification of amino acids with R groups that contain hydroxyl groups
A
- commonly modified by phosphorylation
- in post translational modification (after being incorporated into proteins)
- gives it a full negative charge
- how cells change the properties of proteins
- H2O is released.
15
Q
Lysine post-translational modification
A
- acetylation
- methylation
- on epsilon amino group
