Amino Acid Characteristics

Question 1

positively charged amino acids are also called

Answer 1

basic

arginine, histidine, lysine

Question 2

negtively charged amino acids are also called

Answer 2

acidic

aspartic acid, glutamic acid

hint: The only 2 amino acids that are acidic have “acid” at the end

Question 3

polar amino acids are hydro____

Answer 3

hydrophilic

Ser, Thr, Tyr, Asn, Glu

Question 4

non-polar amino acids are hydro____

Answer 4

hydrophobic

Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Leu, Cys, Pro, Trp, Phe, Met

they are also uncharged

Question 5

Name the letter

All biologically produced amino acids are in the ____ configuration.

Answer 5

L configuration

Question 6

the sequence of amino acids linked together to form a polypeptide chain

Answer 6

primary structure

Question 7

Localized structures that form based on interactions within the protein backbone

Answer 7

Secondary structure

alpha helices & beta sheets

Question 8

The overall three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide

Answer 8

tertiary structure

R group interactions that contribute to tertiary structure include non-covalent interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and disulfide bonds

Question 9

the global three dimensional arrangements found in multi-subunit proteins

Answer 9

quaternary structure

Question 10

The unique cyclic structure of which amino acid plays a central role in the formation of alpha helices and beta sheets?

Answer 10

Proline (insert picture)

it’s ability to make sharp turns facilitates the formation of both structures, with proline commonly being found at the beginning of alpha helices or at the turns in beta sheets

Answer 11

zwitterion

Question 12

Non-polar amino acids can be organized into 3 categories:

Answer 12

Aromatic, allipathic, and others

Question 13

Name the allipathic amino acids

Question 14

What is the generic structure of an amino acid

Answer 14

Amine group, carboxylic acid, hydrogen, and an R group

Question 15

Name the achiral amino acid

Answer 15

Glycine

Question 16

Which amino acids contain sulfur?

Answer 16

Cys and Met

Question 17

Name the aromatic amino acids

Answer 17

Phe, Tyr, Trp

Question 18

formed between the α-nitrogen atom of one amino acid and the carbonyl carbon of a second during a dehydration (condensation) reaction

Answer 18

peptide bond formation

Question 19

Name the two primary reactions used to syntheize amino acids in a laboratory setting

Answer 19

Strecker and Gabriel synthesis

Question 20

a way of making amino acids from aldehydes, via 1) formation of an imine, 2) addition of cyanide ion to give an alpha-amino nitrile, and then 3) hydrolysis of the nitrile to give a carboxylic acid.

Answer 20

Strecker synthesis

Question 21

a chemical reaction that transforms primary alkyl halides into primary amines using potassium phthalimide

Answer 21

Gabriel synthesis

Answer 22

Gly

non-polar

Answer 23

Ala

non-polar

Answer 24

Val

non-polar

Answer 25

Ile

non-polar

Answer 26

Leu

non-polar

Answer 27

Cys

non-polar

Answer 28

Pro

non-polar

Answer 29

Trp

non-polar, aromatic

Answer 30

Phe

non-polar, aromatic

Answer 31

Met

non-polar

Answer 32

Ser

polar

Answer 33

Thr

polar

Answer 34

Asn

polar

Answer 35

Gln

polar

Answer 36

Arg, R

basic (+)

Answer 37

His, H

basic (+)

Answer 38

Lys, K

basic (+)

Answer 39

Asp, D

acidic (-)

Answer 40

Glu, E

acidic (-)

Answer 41

Tyr, Y

polar, aromatic

Answer 42

in vivo

Answer 43

in vitro

Question 44

which intermolecurlar force involves water molecules

Answer 44

hydrogen bonds

Note: in problems that talk about applying heat to a protein and the bond breaking, it is because in the absence of water, polar groups on amino acids are freed from hydrogen bonds with the water molecules.

Question 45

protein complexes which degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.

Answer 45

proteosome