Amino Acid Characteristics Flashcards
positively charged amino acids are also called
basic
arginine, histidine, lysine
negtively charged amino acids are also called
acidic
aspartic acid, glutamic acid
hint: The only 2 amino acids that are acidic have “acid” at the end
polar amino acids are hydro____
hydrophilic
Ser, Thr, Tyr, Asn, Glu
non-polar amino acids are hydro____
hydrophobic
Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Leu, Cys, Pro, Trp, Phe, Met
they are also uncharged
Name the letter
All biologically produced amino acids are in the ____ configuration.
L configuration
the sequence of amino acids linked together to form a polypeptide chain
primary structure
Localized structures that form based on interactions within the protein backbone
Secondary structure
alpha helices & beta sheets
The overall three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide
tertiary structure
R group interactions that contribute to tertiary structure include non-covalent interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and disulfide bonds
the global three dimensional arrangements found in multi-subunit proteins
quaternary structure
The unique cyclic structure of which amino acid plays a central role in the formation of alpha helices and beta sheets?
Proline (insert picture)
it’s ability to make sharp turns facilitates the formation of both structures, with proline commonly being found at the beginning of alpha helices or at the turns in beta sheets
zwitterion
Non-polar amino acids can be organized into 3 categories:
Aromatic, allipathic, and others
Name the allipathic amino acids
What is the generic structure of an amino acid
Amine group, carboxylic acid, hydrogen, and an R group
Name the achiral amino acid
Glycine
Which amino acids contain sulfur?
Cys and Met
Name the aromatic amino acids
Phe, Tyr, Trp
formed between the α-nitrogen atom of one amino acid and the carbonyl carbon of a second during a dehydration (condensation) reaction
peptide bond formation
Name the two primary reactions used to syntheize amino acids in a laboratory setting
Strecker and Gabriel synthesis
a way of making amino acids from aldehydes, via 1) formation of an imine, 2) addition of cyanide ion to give an alpha-amino nitrile, and then 3) hydrolysis of the nitrile to give a carboxylic acid.
Strecker synthesis
a chemical reaction that transforms primary alkyl halides into primary amines using potassium phthalimide
Gabriel synthesis
Gly
non-polar
Ala
non-polar
Val
non-polar
Ile
non-polar
Leu
non-polar
Cys
non-polar
Pro
non-polar
Trp
non-polar, aromatic
Phe
non-polar, aromatic
Met
non-polar
Ser
polar
Thr
polar
Asn
polar
Gln
polar
Arg, R
basic (+)
His, H
basic (+)
Lys, K
basic (+)
Asp, D
acidic (-)
Glu, E
acidic (-)
Tyr, Y
polar, aromatic
in vivo
in vitro
which intermolecurlar force involves water molecules
hydrogen bonds
Note: in problems that talk about applying heat to a protein and the bond breaking, it is because in the absence of water, polar groups on amino acids are freed from hydrogen bonds with the water molecules.
protein complexes which degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.
proteosome
