Allergic Reactions Flashcards
Benadryl
Another Name
Diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine
Another Name
Benadryl
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Class
Antihistamine
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Description
Blocks histamine release, thereby reducing bronchoconstriction, vasodilatation and edema
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Indication
Anaphylaxis, allergic reactions, and dystonic reactions
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Contraindication
Asthma, other lower respiratory reactions
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Precautions
May induce hypotension, headache, palpitations, tachycardia, sedation, drowsiness and/or disturbed coordination
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Dose/Route
25-50 mg IV/IM
Pedi: 1-2 mg/kg
Dexamethasone
Another Name
Decadron
Decadron
Another Name
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Class
Steroid
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Description
Long acting synthetic adrenocorticoid with intense anti-inflammatory activity. It prevents the accumulation of inflammation generating cells at the site of infection or injury
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Indications
Anaphylaxis, asthma, COPD, spinal cord edema
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Contraindication
None in emergency setting.
Relative contraindications: systemic fungal infections, acute infections, tuberculosis, varicella, vaccinia or live virus vaccinations
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Precautions
Herpes simplex, keratitis, myasthenia gravis, hepatic or renal impairment, diabetes, CHF, seizures, psychic disorders, hypothyroidism and GI ulceration
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Dose/Route
4-24 mg IV/IM
Pedi: 0.5-1 mg/kg
Methylprednisolone
Another Name
Solu-Medrol
Solu-Medrol
Another Name
Methylprednisolone
Methylpredisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Class
Corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory
Methypredisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Description
Synthetic adrenal corticosteroid, effective as an anti-inflammatory and used in the management of allergic reactions and in some cases of shock. Sometimes used in treatment of spinal cord injury
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Indications
Spinal cord injury, asthma, severe anaphylaxis, COPD
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Contraindications
None in emergency settings
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Precautions
Only a single dose should be given in the prehospital setting
Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)
Dose/Route
Asthma/COPD/anaphylaxis: 125-250 mg IV/IM
Pedi: 1-2 mg/kg/dose IV/IM
Spinal chord injury: 30 mg/kg IV over 15 min
Pepcid
Another Name
Famotidine
Famotidine
Another Name
Pepcid
Pepcid (Famotidine)
Class
Anti-Ulcer Agent
H2-Receptor Agonist
Pepcid (Femotidine)
Description
Histamine-2 blocker. Works by decreasing the amount of acid the stomach produces.
Pepcid (Famotidine)
Indications
Upper GI bleed, anaphylaxis
Pepcid (Famotidine)
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, long qt syndrome
Pepcid (Famotidine)
Precautions
Asthma, COPD
Pepcid (Famotidine)
Dose/Route
20mg IV
Epinephrine
Another Name
Adrenaline
Adrenaline
Another Name
Epinephrine
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Class
Sympathomimetic
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Description
Naturally occurring catecholamine that increases heart rate, cardiac contractile force myocardial electrical activity, systemic vascular resistance, and systolic blood pressure and decreases overall airway resistance and automaticity. It also through bronchial artery constriction, may reduce pulmonary congestion and increase tidal volume and vital capacity
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Indications
To restore rhythm in cardiac arrest, severe allergic reactions, severe SOB, bradycardia
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Contraindications
Narrow angle glaucoma; hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiac shock
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Arrest Dose/Route
1mg of 1:10,000 IV/IO 3-5 min (ET: 2-2.5 mg 1:1,1000))
Pedi: 0.01 mg/kg 1:10,000 IV/IO (ET: 0.1 mg/kg 1:1,000). All subsequent doses 0.1 mg/kg IV/IO. No max
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Bradycardia Dose/Route
(2-5mcg/min) IV drip mix 1mg/250 cc
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Allergic Reactions Dose/Route
0.3-0.5 mf of 1:1,000 IM/5-15 min as needed or 0.5-1 mg of 1:10,000 IV if IM dose ineffective or severe reaction. consider IV drip 2-10mcg/min if severe.
Pedi: 0.1 mg/kg (max 0.5) of 1:1,000) IM/10-15 min or 0.01 mg/kg of 1:10,000 IV if IM dose ineffective or severe
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Asthma/COPD Dose/Route
0.01 mg/kg to max of 0.3 mg 1:1,000 SQ
