Aging 1

Question 1

Define transition.

Answer 1

It is a passage or process of change from one state to another

Question 2

What is loss?

Answer 2

The damage or suffering caused by losing (to fail to sustain, keep, or be deprived of)

Question 3

What are the three categories of loss?

Answer 3

1. physical
2. cognitive
3. socioemotional

Question 4

What is key for successful ageing in terms of loss?

Answer 4

must:
integrate losses into their lives
deal with them effectively
move on

Question 5

What is gerontology?

Answer 5

a multi-disciplinary study of all aspects of aging

Question 6

What is geriatrics?

Answer 6

the study of the medical aspect of aging

Question 7

What is ageism?

Answer 7

prejudices and stereotypes applied to older people solely on the basis of their age.

Question 8

list some consequences of ageism.

Answer 8

individual differences become blurred resulting in a homogenous mass of individuals

creation of inaccurate and distorted views of aging

may not be hired, false perceptions, shunned socially, edged out of family.

Question 9

what is the personal growth model of ageing?

Answer 9

sees aging as a time of growth and increased function rather than failure

Question 10

how many elderly people live in an institution?

Answer 10

8-10 % with only 2% of people aged 65-69

Question 11

Describe the trend of the age demographic.

Answer 11

individuals 65+ is steadily increasing (fastest growing age group)
1991 - 11%
2011 - 14%
2021 -20%

Question 12

What are some of the implications of the age wave?

Answer 12

increase in life expectancy and quantity of the elderly means that these individuals are pioneering this new phase of life (will shape the future for the next generations)

has impact on business, politics, and attitudes

Question 13

Name the 2 microbiological (cellular) theories of aging

Answer 13

Cellular clock theory (Leonard Hayflick)

Free radical theory (Hauck and Bartke)

Question 14

Explain cellular clock theory

Answer 14

Aging is a programmed event on the cellular level. As you age 75-90% less of your cells divide.

Question 15

Explain the free radicals theory

Answer 15

Organisms age because of damage caused by free radicals (mainly O2 molecules). these molecules are highly reactive and can cause damage to the cell and DNA

Question 16

Explain the hormonal stress theory of aging (Finch and Seeman).

Answer 16

Examines the effect of aging on the hormonal systems.

Immune: dec size of thymus, dec ability to recognize invaders, inc in autoimmune disease

Hypothalmus, pituitary, and adrenal: decreased hormones dec resilience to stress, inc risk of disease

Question 17

What is meant by the challenges of aging?

Answer 17

it refers to the biological changes that occur or may occur as a result of aging.

Question 18

What are the two aspects relating to the challenges of aging?

Answer 18

Primary aging: normal intrinsic processes of biological aging that are genetically programmed. Inevitable, universal, irreversible, cumulative changes that reduce functioning.

Secondary aging: age related declines that are pathological and result from extrinsic factors. identifiable bc it only affects part of the population. Are preventable and sometimes reversible

Question 19

Why is health promotion in aging important?

Answer 19

It helps minimize some of the primary changes in aging to prevent them developing into secondary changes.

Ex. dec bone mass is unpreventable, but can be minimized to help prevent osteoporosis.

Question 20

What are some examples of health promotion in aging?

Answer 20

Exercise programs
Social programs
Preventative medical care
Promoting well being
Dietary